上海市宝山中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案.docx

上海市宝山中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案.docx

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上海市宝山中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案

2021年上海市宝山中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项

A

Everwonderwhytherearesomanypeoplepollutingtheearth?

Eversaytoyourself：

Hey,IwishthatIcoulddomoretohelptheenvironment?

Haveyoueverthoughtabouttryingtohelptheearthbutneverreallydidit?

Well,herearesomeprettyeasyandskillfulideasforthatgreen-earthdesireinsideyou.

●Turnoffyourcomputer.ByleavingitonalldayyouarecreatingmoreCO2thanaregularpassengerwould,drivingtoandfromworkinoneday.

●Rideyourbikeorcarpool（合用汽车）.Obviously,youarecreatinglessCO2whichwillhelptheozone（臭氧）.

●Makeagarden.Evensimplygrowsomeplantsinyourkitchen,whichwillhelpproducemoreoxygenwhileeatingupsomeofthatevilCO2.

●Buylocalgroceries.Itcreateslessimpactontheenvironment.Besides,you'resupportingyourlocalfarmers.

●Recycle.Youhadtoseethiscoming.Butyouhavenoideahowmuchyouarehelpingtheenvironmentbysimplyreusingawaterbottleinsteadofbuyingahugepackatthestore.

●Don'trunthewaterwhilebrushing.Itsavesyoumoneyandhelpsthewaterresources.

●Openthecurtains.Naturallightismuchprettieranditwillkeeptheenergyusagedown.

●Rechargeablebatteries.Youhavenoideahowmuchittakestogetridofbatteries.Doyourselfafavor.Savesomemoneyandsomeenergy.

1.Ifyoudon'twanttocreatemoreCO2,youmay_______.

A.turnoffyourcomputeroropenthecurtains

B.turnoffyourcomputerorrideyourbikeorcarpool

C.makeagardenoropenthecurtains

D.userechargeablebatteriesormakeagarden

2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethefunctionofthefirstparagraph?

A.Mainbody.B.Argument.

C.Lead-in.D.Conclusion.

3.Themainideaofthepassageisabout________.

A.theimportanceofenvironmentalprotection

B.somewaysabouthowtopreventpollution

C.somesuggestionsabouthowtosaveenergy

D.somesuggestionsaboutenvironmentalprotection

B

Theterm"birdbrain"isfrequentlyusedtodescribeaperson'slackofintelligenceandgooddecision-makingability.However,somescientistsbelieveitshouldbeconsideredapraise,giventhatmanybirdscanperformhumantaskslikeproducingandusingtools,solvingproblems,andplanningforfutureneeds.Now,Griffin,anAfricanGreyparrot,hasprovedthatbirdsmayevenpossessbettervisualmemoriesthanhumanadultsandchildren.

Thestudy,ledbyHragPailian,aresearcheratHarvardUniversity,hadtheparrotcompeteinthegameagainsttwenty-oneundergraduatestudentsandtwenty-one6to8-year-oldchildren.Thepopularchallengeinvolveshidingasmallobjectunderoneofthreeormoreupside-downcups,whicharemovedaround.Participantsarerequiredtoaccuratelyidentifythecupunderwhichtheobjectlies.Tomakethetaskmorechallenging,theresearchersrequiredparticipantstotracktwo,three,andfourobjectsatthesametime.

AnanalysisoftheresultsshowedthatGriffinoutperformedthe6to8-year-oldsacrossalllevelsonaverage.Evenmoreimpressive,the"birdbrain"performedaswellas,orslightlybetterthan,the21Harvardstudentson12ofthe14trials!

Itwasonlyinthefinaltwotests,whichhadthemostobjectsandmostmovement,thattheparrotfellbehindtheadults.However,Griffin'sperformancewasneverbelowthatofthechildren.

Griffinwasthecandidateofchoicebecausethescientistsneededananimalthathadabrainfunctionalitysimilartothatofhumans."Thefactthatthesmartparrotlovestoshowoffhisbrainpowerinexchangeforafewcashews（腰果）didnothurteither",saidIrenePepperberg,aHarvardlecturer,whohastrainedGriffinandseveralotherAfricanGreyparrots,hasbeenstudyingthespeciesforoverfourdecadesandisconsideredapioneerinthestudyofbirdintelligence.

4.Whatweretheparticipantsrequiredtodointhestudy?

A.Identifydifferentkindsofobjects.B.Tellwherethehiddenobjectlies.

C.Trackotherparticipants'performance.D.Movearoundupside-downcups.

5.Whatdidtheresultsofthestudyindicate?

A.6to8-year-oldsdidbetterthanGriffin.

B.Parrotshaveabettermemorythanotherbirds.

C.Harvardstudentshaveabettervisualmemory.

D.GriffinoutsmartedHarvardstudentsinsometrials.

6.WhywasGriffinchosenfortheexperiment?

A.Itwasgoodatmakingdecisions.

B.Itwasspeciallytrainedforexperiments.

C.Ithadsimilarbrainfunctionstohumanbeings.

D.Itlovedtoshowoffhislanguagepowerforsometreats.

7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A."Birdbrain"becomesatermforastupidperson.

B.Harvardlecturerpioneersinbirdintelligencestudy.

C.ParrotoutsmartedHarvardstudentsinvisualmemorytest.

D.Researchersmadenewdiscoveriesabouthumanintelligence.

C

ThefounderofEarthDaywasGaylordNelson,aU.S.SenatorfromWisconsin.Duringthelate1960s,Americanswitnessedtheuninvitedsideeffectsofhighproductivity.FactoriesandpowerplantsweresendingoutsmokeandindustrialwastewhileAmericanswereusingpetrolfortheirmassive（大量的）cars,makingairpollutionalmostsynonymouswiththenation’sdevelopment.

WhatmovedSenatorNelsontoactionwasthe1969massiveoilspillinCalifornia,thelargestintheUnitedStatesatthattime.Thespillprovedtobeanenvironmentalnightmareasithadasignificanteffectonmarinelife,killingabout3,500seabirds,aswellasmarineanimalssuchasdolphins,elephantsealsandsealions,fuelingpublicanger.Inspiredbythestudentantiwarmovementatthatperiodoftime,Nelsonfounditanappropriatetimetodirecttheenergyofthestudentstowardsafightforenvironmentalprotection.HedecidedthatitwastimetoeducatetheAmericansontheneedtoprotecttheenvironment.ThusEarthDaywasbornin1970,andpublicenvironmentalawarenesstookcentrestage.

On22ndApril1970,millionsofAmericanstooktothestreetandthousandsofstudentsmarchedtoappealforahealthy,sustainableenvironment.Therewasnowanewsynergy（协同作用）amongdifferentgroupswhichhadpreviouslybeenfightingtheircausesrelatedtotheenvironment.Theirfightforenvironmentalconservationbecamesooverwhelmingthataffectedbusinesseswereforcedtofollowenvironmentalstandardsiftheywantedtocontinuetheiroperations.

Asitbecamemoreapparentthatenvironmentalissueswerenotjustlocalizedonesbutaglobalconcern,theyear1990sawEarthDayreachouttomanymorearoundtheworld.EarthDay1990helpedpavethewayforthe1992UnitedNationsEarthSummitinRiodeJaneiro,bringingtogethermanynationsforaunitedefforttowardsprotectingtheenvironment.

8.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“synonymouswith”inparagraph1?

A.familiarwithB.oppositeto

C.differentfromD.equalto

9.WhydidNelsonfoundEarthDay?

A.Tosupportstudents’antiwarmovement.

B.Todrawpeople’sattentiontotheseriousnessoftheoilspill.

C.ToarouseAmerican’sawarenessofenvironmentalconservation.

D.ToeducateAmericanstoprotectmarinelifethreatenedbyoilspillevents.

10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Businesseswouldliketofollowenvironmentalstandards.

B.EarthDayunitedpeopletofightforenvironmentalprotection.

C.ItwasthesideeffectsofhighproductivitythatledNelsontotakeaction.

D.The1992UnitedNationsEarthSummitmadeEarthDayknowntomorecountries.

11.Thepassagemainlytalksabout_______.

A.howEarthDaycameintobeing

B.whyEarthDaywassosignificant

C.whothefounderofEarthDaywas

D.whatEarthDaymeanttotheworld

D

Anafternoonnap（午睡）isoneofthejoysoflife,althoughtoomuchnappingcouldsignalallisnotwell.Insomecultures,peoplewillhaveadailynap—thisisfine.Thewarningcomeswhenpeoplestartsleepingduringthedaytime,whentheydidnotbefore.Thereiscertainlyagoodreasontobelievethatdaytimesleepiness—asintheAlzheimer'sstudy—canbeamarkerofanunderlyingcondition.

Formostpeople,nappingduringthedayismainlyasignthatyouarenotgettingenoughsleepatnight,saysDr.NeilStanley,asleepexpert."Ifyoufeelsleepyduringtheday,youshouldthinkabouttakinganap.Thatiswhatthebodyneeds—itdoesn'tneedtobekeptawakewithcaffeine,itneedssleep."Thefeelingtonoticeis"sleepiness",hesays,not"tiredness",whichcouldbemorepsychologicalandlinkedtostress.

Sohowdoyounapwell?

Thekeything,saysStanley,ishowlongyournaplasts.Chooseeithera20-or90-minutenap."Whenyoufallasleep,you'llquicklygothroughthelighterstagesofsleepintoyourfirstperiodofdeepsleep.Youdon'twanttowakeupindeepsleepbecausethat'swhenyouwakeandfeelworsethanyoudidbefore."Nappingfor20minutesmeansyouwillwakeupbeforeyougointodeepsleep;nappingfor90minutesmeansyou'llcompleteasleepcycle.

Onceyoufactorinthetimeittakestofallasleep—somepeoplearebetteratnappingthanothersbut,saysStanley,"ahealthyadultwillfallasleepinbetween5and12minutes"—youcansetanalarm,allowinga30-to40-minuteperiodforashortnap,anduptotwohoursforalongerone.

Agoodtimetonapisduringthebody'snaturaldipintheafternoon,between2pmand4pm."Youdon'treallywanttobenappingmuchpastthatbecausethenyouaregoingtobeeatingintoyournight-timesleep,"Stanleysays.Thepoint,hestresses,istogetgoodnight-timesleep,whichwouldensureyouprobablydon'tneedtonapatall.

12.Whatdoesanafternoonnapindicateformostpeople?

A.Caffeineaddiction.B.Psychologicalstress.

C.Insufficientnightsleep.D.Potentialphysicalillness.

13.Whatisthekeytoagoodnap?

A.Duration.B.Surroundin