上海市宝山中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案.docx
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上海市宝山中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案
2021年上海市宝山中学高三英语一模试题及参考答案
第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Everwonderwhytherearesomanypeoplepollutingtheearth?
Eversaytoyourself:
Hey,IwishthatIcoulddomoretohelptheenvironment?
Haveyoueverthoughtabouttryingtohelptheearthbutneverreallydidit?
Well,herearesomeprettyeasyandskillfulideasforthatgreen-earthdesireinsideyou.
●Turnoffyourcomputer.ByleavingitonalldayyouarecreatingmoreCO2thanaregularpassengerwould,drivingtoandfromworkinoneday.
●Rideyourbikeorcarpool(合用汽车).Obviously,youarecreatinglessCO2whichwillhelptheozone(臭氧).
●Makeagarden.Evensimplygrowsomeplantsinyourkitchen,whichwillhelpproducemoreoxygenwhileeatingupsomeofthatevilCO2.
●Buylocalgroceries.Itcreateslessimpactontheenvironment.Besides,you'resupportingyourlocalfarmers.
●Recycle.Youhadtoseethiscoming.Butyouhavenoideahowmuchyouarehelpingtheenvironmentbysimplyreusingawaterbottleinsteadofbuyingahugepackatthestore.
●Don'trunthewaterwhilebrushing.Itsavesyoumoneyandhelpsthewaterresources.
●Openthecurtains.Naturallightismuchprettieranditwillkeeptheenergyusagedown.
●Rechargeablebatteries.Youhavenoideahowmuchittakestogetridofbatteries.Doyourselfafavor.Savesomemoneyandsomeenergy.
1.Ifyoudon'twanttocreatemoreCO2,youmay_______.
A.turnoffyourcomputeroropenthecurtains
B.turnoffyourcomputerorrideyourbikeorcarpool
C.makeagardenoropenthecurtains
D.userechargeablebatteriesormakeagarden
2.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethefunctionofthefirstparagraph?
A.Mainbody.B.Argument.
C.Lead-in.D.Conclusion.
3.Themainideaofthepassageisabout________.
A.theimportanceofenvironmentalprotection
B.somewaysabouthowtopreventpollution
C.somesuggestionsabouthowtosaveenergy
D.somesuggestionsaboutenvironmentalprotection
B
Theterm"birdbrain"isfrequentlyusedtodescribeaperson'slackofintelligenceandgooddecision-makingability.However,somescientistsbelieveitshouldbeconsideredapraise,giventhatmanybirdscanperformhumantaskslikeproducingandusingtools,solvingproblems,andplanningforfutureneeds.Now,Griffin,anAfricanGreyparrot,hasprovedthatbirdsmayevenpossessbettervisualmemoriesthanhumanadultsandchildren.
Thestudy,ledbyHragPailian,aresearcheratHarvardUniversity,hadtheparrotcompeteinthegameagainsttwenty-oneundergraduatestudentsandtwenty-one6to8-year-oldchildren.Thepopularchallengeinvolveshidingasmallobjectunderoneofthreeormoreupside-downcups,whicharemovedaround.Participantsarerequiredtoaccuratelyidentifythecupunderwhichtheobjectlies.Tomakethetaskmorechallenging,theresearchersrequiredparticipantstotracktwo,three,andfourobjectsatthesametime.
AnanalysisoftheresultsshowedthatGriffinoutperformedthe6to8-year-oldsacrossalllevelsonaverage.Evenmoreimpressive,the"birdbrain"performedaswellas,orslightlybetterthan,the21Harvardstudentson12ofthe14trials!
Itwasonlyinthefinaltwotests,whichhadthemostobjectsandmostmovement,thattheparrotfellbehindtheadults.However,Griffin'sperformancewasneverbelowthatofthechildren.
Griffinwasthecandidateofchoicebecausethescientistsneededananimalthathadabrainfunctionalitysimilartothatofhumans."Thefactthatthesmartparrotlovestoshowoffhisbrainpowerinexchangeforafewcashews(腰果)didnothurteither",saidIrenePepperberg,aHarvardlecturer,whohastrainedGriffinandseveralotherAfricanGreyparrots,hasbeenstudyingthespeciesforoverfourdecadesandisconsideredapioneerinthestudyofbirdintelligence.
4.Whatweretheparticipantsrequiredtodointhestudy?
A.Identifydifferentkindsofobjects.B.Tellwherethehiddenobjectlies.
C.Trackotherparticipants'performance.D.Movearoundupside-downcups.
5.Whatdidtheresultsofthestudyindicate?
A.6to8-year-oldsdidbetterthanGriffin.
B.Parrotshaveabettermemorythanotherbirds.
C.Harvardstudentshaveabettervisualmemory.
D.GriffinoutsmartedHarvardstudentsinsometrials.
6.WhywasGriffinchosenfortheexperiment?
A.Itwasgoodatmakingdecisions.
B.Itwasspeciallytrainedforexperiments.
C.Ithadsimilarbrainfunctionstohumanbeings.
D.Itlovedtoshowoffhislanguagepowerforsometreats.
7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A."Birdbrain"becomesatermforastupidperson.
B.Harvardlecturerpioneersinbirdintelligencestudy.
C.ParrotoutsmartedHarvardstudentsinvisualmemorytest.
D.Researchersmadenewdiscoveriesabouthumanintelligence.
C
ThefounderofEarthDaywasGaylordNelson,aU.S.SenatorfromWisconsin.Duringthelate1960s,Americanswitnessedtheuninvitedsideeffectsofhighproductivity.FactoriesandpowerplantsweresendingoutsmokeandindustrialwastewhileAmericanswereusingpetrolfortheirmassive(大量的)cars,makingairpollutionalmostsynonymouswiththenation’sdevelopment.
WhatmovedSenatorNelsontoactionwasthe1969massiveoilspillinCalifornia,thelargestintheUnitedStatesatthattime.Thespillprovedtobeanenvironmentalnightmareasithadasignificanteffectonmarinelife,killingabout3,500seabirds,aswellasmarineanimalssuchasdolphins,elephantsealsandsealions,fuelingpublicanger.Inspiredbythestudentantiwarmovementatthatperiodoftime,Nelsonfounditanappropriatetimetodirecttheenergyofthestudentstowardsafightforenvironmentalprotection.HedecidedthatitwastimetoeducatetheAmericansontheneedtoprotecttheenvironment.ThusEarthDaywasbornin1970,andpublicenvironmentalawarenesstookcentrestage.
On22ndApril1970,millionsofAmericanstooktothestreetandthousandsofstudentsmarchedtoappealforahealthy,sustainableenvironment.Therewasnowanewsynergy(协同作用)amongdifferentgroupswhichhadpreviouslybeenfightingtheircausesrelatedtotheenvironment.Theirfightforenvironmentalconservationbecamesooverwhelmingthataffectedbusinesseswereforcedtofollowenvironmentalstandardsiftheywantedtocontinuetheiroperations.
Asitbecamemoreapparentthatenvironmentalissueswerenotjustlocalizedonesbutaglobalconcern,theyear1990sawEarthDayreachouttomanymorearoundtheworld.EarthDay1990helpedpavethewayforthe1992UnitedNationsEarthSummitinRiodeJaneiro,bringingtogethermanynationsforaunitedefforttowardsprotectingtheenvironment.
8.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“synonymouswith”inparagraph1?
A.familiarwithB.oppositeto
C.differentfromD.equalto
9.WhydidNelsonfoundEarthDay?
A.Tosupportstudents’antiwarmovement.
B.Todrawpeople’sattentiontotheseriousnessoftheoilspill.
C.ToarouseAmerican’sawarenessofenvironmentalconservation.
D.ToeducateAmericanstoprotectmarinelifethreatenedbyoilspillevents.
10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.Businesseswouldliketofollowenvironmentalstandards.
B.EarthDayunitedpeopletofightforenvironmentalprotection.
C.ItwasthesideeffectsofhighproductivitythatledNelsontotakeaction.
D.The1992UnitedNationsEarthSummitmadeEarthDayknowntomorecountries.
11.Thepassagemainlytalksabout_______.
A.howEarthDaycameintobeing
B.whyEarthDaywassosignificant
C.whothefounderofEarthDaywas
D.whatEarthDaymeanttotheworld
D
Anafternoonnap(午睡)isoneofthejoysoflife,althoughtoomuchnappingcouldsignalallisnotwell.Insomecultures,peoplewillhaveadailynap—thisisfine.Thewarningcomeswhenpeoplestartsleepingduringthedaytime,whentheydidnotbefore.Thereiscertainlyagoodreasontobelievethatdaytimesleepiness—asintheAlzheimer'sstudy—canbeamarkerofanunderlyingcondition.
Formostpeople,nappingduringthedayismainlyasignthatyouarenotgettingenoughsleepatnight,saysDr.NeilStanley,asleepexpert."Ifyoufeelsleepyduringtheday,youshouldthinkabouttakinganap.Thatiswhatthebodyneeds—itdoesn'tneedtobekeptawakewithcaffeine,itneedssleep."Thefeelingtonoticeis"sleepiness",hesays,not"tiredness",whichcouldbemorepsychologicalandlinkedtostress.
Sohowdoyounapwell?
Thekeything,saysStanley,ishowlongyournaplasts.Chooseeithera20-or90-minutenap."Whenyoufallasleep,you'llquicklygothroughthelighterstagesofsleepintoyourfirstperiodofdeepsleep.Youdon'twanttowakeupindeepsleepbecausethat'swhenyouwakeandfeelworsethanyoudidbefore."Nappingfor20minutesmeansyouwillwakeupbeforeyougointodeepsleep;nappingfor90minutesmeansyou'llcompleteasleepcycle.
Onceyoufactorinthetimeittakestofallasleep—somepeoplearebetteratnappingthanothersbut,saysStanley,"ahealthyadultwillfallasleepinbetween5and12minutes"—youcansetanalarm,allowinga30-to40-minuteperiodforashortnap,anduptotwohoursforalongerone.
Agoodtimetonapisduringthebody'snaturaldipintheafternoon,between2pmand4pm."Youdon'treallywanttobenappingmuchpastthatbecausethenyouaregoingtobeeatingintoyournight-timesleep,"Stanleysays.Thepoint,hestresses,istogetgoodnight-timesleep,whichwouldensureyouprobablydon'tneedtonapatall.
12.Whatdoesanafternoonnapindicateformostpeople?
A.Caffeineaddiction.B.Psychologicalstress.
C.Insufficientnightsleep.D.Potentialphysicalillness.
13.Whatisthekeytoagoodnap?
A.Duration.B.Surroundin