版高中英语译林版选修七学案江苏Unit 2 Period One Welcome to the unitReading.docx
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版高中英语译林版选修七学案江苏Unit2PeriodOneWelcometotheunitReading
ThePacificislandnationofNauruusedtobeabeautifulplace.Nowitisanecologicaldisasterarea.Nauru’sheartbreakingstorycouldhaveonegoodconsequence—othercountriesmightlearnfromitsmistakes.
Forthousandsofyears,PolynesianpeoplelivedontheremoteislandofNauru,farfromwesterncivilization.ThefirstEuropeantoarrivewasJohnFearnin1798.HewastheBritishcaptainoftheHunter,awhalingship.HecalledtheislandPleasantIsland.
However,becauseitwasveryremote,NauruhadlittlecommunicationwithEuropeansatfirst.Thenwhalingshipsandothertradersbegantovisit,bringinggunsandalcohol.Theseelementsdestroyedthesocialbalanceofthetwelvefamilygroupsontheisland.Atenyearcivilwarstarted,whichreducedthepopulationfrom1,400to900.
Nauru’srealtroublesbeganin1899whenaBritishminingcompanydiscoveredphosphate(磷酸盐)ontheisland.Infact,itfoundthattheislandofNauruwasnearlyallphosphate,whichisaveryimportantfertilizerforfarming.Thecompanybeganminingthephosphate.
Aphosphatemineisnotaholeintheground;itisastripmine.Whenacompanystripmines,itremovesthetoplayerofsoil.Thenittakesawaythematerialitwants.Stripminingtotallydestroystheland.Gradually,thelovelyislandofNaurustartedtolooklikethemoon.
In1968,Naurubecameoneoftherichestcountriesintheworld.Everyyearthegovernmentreceivedmillionsandmillionsofdollarsforitsphosphate.
Unfortunately,theleadersinvestedthemoneyunwiselyandlostmillionsofdollars.Inaddition,theyusedmillionsmoredollarsforpersonalexpenses.Somepeoplerealizedthattheyhadaterribleproblem—theirphosphatewasrunningout.Ninetypercentoftheirislandwasdestroyedandtheyhadnothing.By2000,Nauruwasalmostfinanciallyruined.Expertssaythatitwouldtakeapproximately
433,600,000andmorethan20yearstorepairtheisland.Thiswillprobablyneverhappen.
完成这篇文章的文脉构架图
PeriodOne Welcometotheunit&Reading
Ⅰ.重点单词
1.n.药剂师,药商;化学家
n.化学
2.n.巨变,大变革;革命;旋转,天体运行
v.变革,革命
3.n.柜台;计数器;反驳;vt.反驳;抵制,抵消
v.数数,计算;依靠
4.adj.有益的;有用的
v.对……有益;得益于……;n.益处
5.vt.拥有,具有
n.个人财产;拥有,具有
6.adj.对……极重要的,必不可少的
7.n.可能性,潜在性;潜力,潜能;adj.潜在的,可能的
adv.潜在地,可能地
8.vi.&vt.循环;传播,散布;传递,传阅
n.循环;传播
9.adj.不正常的,反常的
(反义词)adj.正常的;平常的
10.vt.使十分惊讶;使吃惊
adj.令人惊讶的
adj.感到惊讶的
n.惊讶
11.n.应用,运用;申请,申请表;涂抹,外敷
vt.申请;应用;涂抹
12.adj.有效的;实际的,事实上的;生效的
n.影响;结果
13.n.批准,通过;赞成,同意
v.批准,通过;赞成,同意
14.vt.&vi.(使)加速,加快
n.加快;增进
15.adj.大规模的;数量极多的;n.一团,一堆;许多;(物理)质量
16.n.疾病;恶心,呕吐
adj.有病的;恶心的
17.n.症状;征兆
18.vi.流血,失血
n.血,血液
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.集中于;专注于
2.打开;开拓
3.上百万的
4.以……形式
5.实施;执行
6.测试,试验;参加选拔
7.大量地
8.因为;由于
9.认出,辨别出;挑选
10.偶然地
Ⅲ.重点句式
1.Itislikelythat...
...youwillfindaspirinandpenicillin.
……你很可能会找到阿司匹林和青霉素。
2.现在分词作定语
Nearly3,500yearsago,peoplechewedonleavesordrankakindofteamadefromleaves(possess)aspecialchemicaltoreducebodypainsandfever.
大约3500年以前,人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用由这种树叶制成的茶,以减轻身体疼痛或退烧。
3.notonly...butalso...
Notonlyvitalforreducingfeverandhelpingstoppain,butalsootherthingsthataspirincanhelpwith.
阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少,而且还有其他用途。
4.if引导的虚拟条件句
Ifpenicillinavailable,manypeoplesicknessorevensmallwounds.
如果没有青霉素,很多人都将死于疾病,甚至是很小的伤口。
Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
1.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?
A.Famousdoctors.
B.HowPenicillinandAspirinwereinvented.
C.AspirinandPenicillin.
D.Howtokeephealthy.
2.WhichofthefollowingisconsideredtobethetimewhenAspirinwasinvented?
A.3,500yearsago.B.2,500yearsago.
C.1897.D.1899.
3.Whichofthefollowingcan’tAspirinbeusedfor?
A.Keepingquiet.B.Painkilling.
C.Curingdiabetes.D.Reducingheartattacks.
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTfalse?
A.Penicillincankeeppeoplehealthybythinningtheirblood.
B.Aspirincansavelivesbykillingbacteria.
C.Aspirinwasdiscoveredbyaccident.
D.Penicillinwasdiscoveredbychance.
5.WhoisAmerican?
A.DrThun.B.Smith.
C.AlexanderFleming.D.HowardFlorey.
Ⅱ.课文阅读填空
Namesof1.
Aspirin
Penicillin
Whoinventedordiscoveredit
DrFelixHoffmann
AlexanderFleming
Whoputitinto2.orproducedit
ThecompanyHoffmannworkedfor
HowardFloreyandErnstChain
Whatis3.inthemedicine
Salicylicacid
Mould
Uses
•Reducingfeverandhelpingstop
4.
•Reducingthe5.ofheartattacks
•6.strokes
•Reducingtheriskofsomecancersby40percent
•Reducingbloodsugar7.
Treatingwoundsandillnessescausedby9.
Honorsgiventothemedicinesorthescientists
Becamethe8.medicineintheworldforpainrelief
•Consideredtobeoneofthemostimportantmedicinesin10.society
•TheNobelPrizeinMedicine
Ⅲ.阅读课文,并试着以约30个词概括第二段(P18,L7-17)的段落大意。
重点词汇
1.Bothofthesemedicineshavesavedmillionsofpeople’slivesandhaveprovedbeneficialtomankindsincetheywereinvented.
这两种药自问世以来已挽救了数百万人的生命,并且已被证明对人类是有益的。
[归纳拓展]
(1)beneficialadj.有益的;有用的
bebeneficialto对……有益
(2)benefitv.对……有益;n.益处
benefitfrom从……中受益
beofbenefit有益的(=bebeneficial)
forsb.’sbenefit=forthebenefitofsb.为了某人的利益;为帮助某人
[语境助记]
(1)Agooddietisbeneficialtohealth.
良好的饮食有益于健康。
(2)Weshouldspendthemoneyonsomethingthatwillbenefiteveryone.
我们应该把这笔钱花在对大家都有益的事上。
(3)Thenewregulationswillbeofbenefittoeveryoneconcerned.
新规章将使所有有关人员受益。
(4)Ihavedoneitforhisbenefit.
=Ihavedoneitforthebenefitofhim.
我为了帮助他才做的那件事。
[题组训练]
(1)一句多译
该制度有利于城市居民。
①Thesystempeopleinthecities.(benefitvt.)
②Thesystempeopleinthecities.(beneficial)
③Thesystempeopleinthecities.(benefitn.)
④Peopleinthecitiesthesystem.(benefitvi.)
(2)Itisclearwhothenewpolicywill.
A.ofbenefitB.benefit
C.benefitfromD.benefitby
2.Nearly3,500yearsago,peoplechewedonleavesordrankakindofteamadefromleavespossessingaspecialchemicaltoreducebodypainsandfever.
大约3500年前,人们咀嚼一种含有特殊化学物质的树叶或饮用由这种树叶制成的茶,以减轻身体疼痛或退烧。
[归纳拓展]
(1)possessvt.拥有,具有;支配,控制
bepossessedof具有某种品质(或特征)
(2)possessionn.[U]拥有;(常用复数)个人财产
have/get/gain/takepossessionof占有……;拥有……
inpossessionof占有……
inthepossessionofsb.为某人所有
[语境助记]
(1)Poorastheyare,theypossessmanynoblequalities.
尽管他们很穷,但是他们拥有很多高尚的品质。
(2)Sheisacharminglady,possessedofgoodhealthandsoundintellect.
她是一位拥有健康体质和极佳才智的迷人的女士。
(3)Thelandisinthepossessionofthemerchant.
这块地为该商人所有。
[题组训练]
(1)句型转换
Hetakespossessionofthecompany.
→Heisthecompany.
→Thecompanyishim.
(2)Astheonlychild,Jackwasallthebelongingsafterhisparentsdied.
(2016·江苏八校高二期中联考)
A.inplaceofB.inpossessionof
C.infavorofD.inhonorof
3.Notonlyhasaspirinprovedvitalforreducingfeverandhelpingstoppain,buttherearealsootherthingsthataspirincanhelpwith.
阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少,而且还有其他用途。
[归纳拓展]
vitaladj.对……极重要的,必不可少的
bevitalfor/to...对……极重要的,必不可少的
Itisvitaltodosth.做某事极其重要。
beofvitalimportance极其重要
注意:
在句型“Itisvital(important,impossible,necessary,strange,natural,essential)that...”中,从句谓语动词要用“(should+)动词原形”。
[语境助记]
(1)Skillfulemployeesarevitaltothesuccessofanycompany.
熟练的雇员对任何公司的成功都极为重要。
(2)Itisvitaltogetthevictimtothehospitalatonce.
把受害者立刻送到医院是至关重要的。
(3)Itisvitalthatamiddleschoolstudent(should)learnEnglishwell.
学好英语对中学生来说是十分重要的。
[题组训练]
(1)Theculturalindustryistothenationaleconomy.Itisexpectedtoaccountfor10%ofourcountry’sGDPby2018.
A.valuableB.vital
C.vagueD.valid
(2)Itisvitalthateverypieceofequipmentbeforetheexperiment.
(2016·淮安淮阴高二期中)
A.ischeckedB.willbechecked
C.becheckedD.mustbechecked
4.LawrenceCraven,adoctorfromtheUSA,introducedtheideain1953thataspirinhadthepotentialtoreducetheriskofheartattacks...
1953年,美国的一位医生劳伦斯·克雷文提出了阿司匹林可能有助于降低心脏病发作风险的观点……
[归纳拓展]
(1)potentialn.可能性;潜力,潜能;adj.有潜力的;可能的
realizeone’spotential发挥某人的潜能
havethepotentialtodosth.有潜力做某事
havethepotentialfor(doing)sth.有(做)某事的可能性/潜在性
(2)potentiallyadv.可能地
[语境助记]
(1)Thediseaseisapotentialkillerforchildren.
这种病对孩子们来说是个潜在的杀手。
(2)Asastudent,youstillhaven’trealizedyourpotential.
作为一名学生,你还没有把潜能发挥出来。
(3)Hehasthepotentialtobecomeaworldclassmusician.
他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。
(4)Thecompanycertainlyhasthepotentialforgrowth.
那家公司当然有发展潜力。
[题组训练]
(1)Youmustn’tdrinkbeforeyoudrive.Thereisdangerindrunkdriving.
(2016·淮安淮阴高二期中)
A.preciousB.diverse
C.potentialD.anxious
(2)It’simportantforgraduatestofindaproperjob,oneinwhichtheycanbringtheirintofullplay.(2016·南京三中高二月考)
A.potentialB.circumstance
C.symptomD.insurance
5....andin1977astudycarriedoutintheUSAshowedthataspirincouldpreventstrokes,aswell.
……并且在1977年,美国做的一项研究表明阿司匹林也能预防中风。
[归纳拓展]
carryout执行,实施;完成(任务)
carryon继续
carrysth.through成功完成;顺利实现
carrysb.through帮某人渡过难关
carryoff赢得;获得(奖品);夺走;成功地完成
[语境助记]
(1)Theprojectwascarriedoutbyalocalcompany.
这项工程是由当地一家公司完成的。
(2)HemovedtoLondontocarryonhisresearch.
他搬到伦敦继续他的研究。
(3)Itwasyourkindnessthatcarriedmethrough.
正是你的仁慈帮我渡过了难关。
[题组训练]
(1)TheChinaForeignExchangeTradingSystemsaysitwilldirecttradingoftheChineseyuanagainsttheSingaporedollarbeginningTuesday.(2016·扬州仙城中学高二期中)
A.carryonB.carryout
C.carryawayD.carryoff
(2)Ihateitwhenshecallsmeatwork—I’malwaystoobusytoaconversationwithher.
(2016·天津,14)
A.carryonB.breakinto
C.turndownD.cutoff
6.Itastonishedhimtoseethebacteriasurroundingthemoulddead...
他惊讶地发现,这种霉周围的细菌都死了……
[归纳拓展]
(1)astonishvt.使惊讶;使吃惊
(2)astonishedadj.感到惊讶的;使吃惊
beastonishedat对……感到惊讶
beastonishedtodosth.对于做某事感到惊讶
(3)astonishingadj.令人惊讶的
(4)astonishmentn.惊讶
toone’sa