stepbystep3000第三册unit8答案及原文.docx

stepbystep3000第三册unit8答案及原文.docx

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stepbystep3000第三册unit8答案及原文

英语专业学生经典的听力材料

Unit8Architecture

PartIWarmingup

A.

Tapescript:

Forhundredsofyears,ithasbeenanimperialcapitalofEurope.ItsrulersraidedtheWesternworldtoenrichthecoffersoftheempire.Theyspenttheirwealthonmagnificentpalacesandgrandpublicbuildings.TheybuiltanoperahousethatrivalsanyinEurope.Theyfoundedgreatmuseumsandlibraries.Theyconstructedmassive,ornategovernmentbuildings.Andtheyraisedopulentpalacesforthemselves.AtourofViennaisatourofthesemonumentstoexcess.

TakeSchonbrunnPalace,forinstance.ThePalace'sMillionRoom,namedafterthecostofthedecorations--1millionguilders,isaRococomasterpiece.Insetinthepanelingare260rareminiaturesofIndo-Persianheritage.Theframesarerealgoldleaf,andthepanelingispreciouswood.

TheGreatGallery,modeledafteraroominVersaillesnearParis,has35-footceilingsgracedwithgiantfrescoes（壁画）boastingofthepoweroftheAustrianarmy.Massivecrystalchandeliersreflectinthewallofmirrors,trimmedingoldleaf.

ThelistofothersightstoseeinViennaislong.St.Stephen'sCathedraldominatestheskylineofOldTown,themedievalsectionofthecity.Itsmainspiresoars450feetintothesky,andthetopcanbereachedbyclimbing343steps.Thecathedral'wasbeguninthe12thcentury.

Inthecatacombs（陵墓）beneaththecathedralarecopperurns（骨灰坛）containingtheintestinesofdeceasedHabsburgs.Theirbodiesareinornatecaskets（棺材）intheImperialBurialVaultsintheKapuzinerChurchafewblocksaway,andcanbevisited.

TheOldTownisafascinatingplacetowalk.Mostofthenarrowstreetshavebeenturnedintopedestrianmallslinedwithshops,coffeehousesandrestaurants.Inonesection,theoriginalRomanruinsunderthestreetscanbeseenbygoingtoanundergroundmuseum.

TheNaturalHistoryMuseumandtheMuseumofFineArtsoccupymatchingbuildingsonMariaTheresaPlaza,asmallsquareacrossfromtheHofburg.HofburgistheHabsburg’sin-townpalace.Itisbig,with2,600rooms,butnotornate.Hofburgisajumbleofbuildingsconstructedatdifferenttimesandindifferentstyles,fromBaroque,GothicandClassicaltoRenaissanceandRococo.Itsoldestpartsdatefromthe13thcentury,butmostwerebuiltfromthe1700son.

B1.

ThePalaisduLouvre:

Location:

heartofParis

Beginningyearofconstruction:

1527

Timewhenfirstusedasapublicartgallery:

1793

TheLouvrePyramid:

Designer:

IeohMingPei

Use:

themainentrancetothePalaisduLouvre

Height:

21m

Width:

33m

Materials:

steeltubes,cables,sheetglass

Yearofcompletion:

1988

Tapescript:

ThePalaisduLouvrestandsattheheartofParis,andhousesoneoftheworld'sgreatestcollectionsofworksofart.Theoriginalpalacedatesfrom1527,anditwasextendedandaddedtooverthenextfourcenturies.Itwasfirstusedasapublicartgalleryin1793.In1981,theChinese-AmericanarchitectIeohMingPeiwascommissionedtoredevelopthepublicpartoftheLouvreandcreatemorespaceforreceptionareasandservices.HedesignedthefamousGlassPyramid,whichservesasthemainentrancetothebuilding,leadingundergroundtothemuseumandartgallery.ThePyramidis21metershighand33meterswide,andusesacombinationofsteeltubes,cablesandsheetglass.Itwascompletedin1988,andquicklybecameamajortouristattractioninitsownright.

B2

1.ShelikestheLouvrePyramidbecauseofthetransparency,andithasalighteffect.

2.ShelikestheLouvrePyramidforitscontrastofshapes.ItemphasizesthebeautyoftheLouvre.

3.ShethinkstherightthingistoputsomethingsocontradictorytotheLouvre.Theystandindialoguewitheachotherandtheydon'ttrytocomplementeachother.

4.ShethinksitwouldhavebeenthebiggestmistaketotrytobuildsomethingsimilartotheLouvre.

Tapescript:

IliketheLouvrePyramidbecauseofitstransparency,becauseyoucanjustlookthroughit,andithasaverylighteffect.Itisnotheavyanditismadeofglass,andsoitlookslikealightobject.AndIlikeitforitscontrastofshapes,becauseitissuchacontrasttotheLouvrebuildingthatinfactitdoesn'tinterferewiththebeautyoftheLouvre,butiteven,itemphasizesthebeautyoftheLouvre.Andintheeveningwhenthispyramidislighted,it'sjustasourceoflighttoputtheLouvreintoanewlight.Andthishasformealsoasymbolicmeaning.Anditissuchanunexpectedshapeinthisurbancontext,justtouseatraditionalshapeofapyramidbuiltinnewmaterialswithnewtechnologies,high-tech,andsoon,thatitisacompletelysurprisingeffect.Sothatpeoplegetshockedbyitortheylikeit,butthereisnobodywhowouldbeuninvolvedorwhocouldjustpassandnotnoticethisbuilding.Soit'ssomethingyouhavetolookat.AndIthinkthisisalsoveryimportantinbuilding,andcreatingsomethinginthecities,andexactlyforexampleclosetothesehistoricalbuildingswhicharesucha...theyaresosensitivetopicsthatnobodydarestotouchthem.Ithinktherightthingisreallytoputsomethingsocontradictorytoitthattheystandindialoguewitheachotherandtheydon'teventrytocomplementeachother.BecauseitwouldhavebeenthebiggestmistaketotrytobuildsomethingsimilartotheLouvre,toputabuildingwhichwouldcopytheLouvre,becauseitwouldjustmeanthatwedon'tliveincontinuity,thearchitecturedoesn'tcontinueitshistory,butitwouldmeanthatarchitecturestandsstillonthelevelofthe17thcentury,andthatwouldbealie.

Ecology生态学ecologicalsystem生态系统

Consultant顾问

Model模式

Minimize减小，减少

PartIIeco-consciousconstruction

A

Theworld’sfirsteco-city/

offthecoast

Agriculturalland/

halfamillion/

$1.3billion/

asustainabilityconsultant

Sustainabledevelopment

Amoreecologicallyfriendlymodel/

minimizeimpactonnature/

solarandwindpower/

powerandfertilizers/

electriccars

B1.

1.adream-housewhichissustainablebytheenvironment-----anenvironmentally-sustainabledream-house

2.windowsthatfacesouth--south-facingwindows

3.akitchenthatiswelllit--awell-litkitchen

4.paintthatisbasedonmilkorusesmilkasabase----milk-basedpaint

5.solutionswhicharebeneficialtotheenvironment--environmentally-beneficialsolutions

Tapescript.

1.ArchitectJimLoganisbuildinghisenvironmentally-sustainabledream-houseatthesiteofaformercommuneafewmilesnorthofBoulder.

2.Asyoudriveontothesmallfarmproperty,you'reimmediatelystruckbyaseriesoflargesouth-facingwindows.

3.Walkthroughthewell-litkitchen,andyou'llseethateventhenorthsideofthebuildinghasapassivesolarcomponent.

4.Inallfacetsofconstruction,Loganisemphasizingbothbiodegradablebuildingproductsandnontoxicmaterials.He'susingmilk-basedpaint,forexample.

5.Inmanycases,manyenvironmentally-beneficialsolutionspayforthemselvesinaslittleas6or7or8months.

Tapescript.

1.Loganhasincorporatednearlyeveryaspectofamoderneco-consciousdesign.

2.Everyroominthishousehasawindowthatfacessouth,regardlessofwhereit'slocated.

3.Alltheroomsinthehousehavebothday-lighting,whichmeansthatthere'samplelightcominginhighintotheroomsothatwedon'tneedtouseelectriclightsduringtheday.

4.Asaresult,Logan'shousewillhaveneitherafurnacenorair-conditioning.

5.Theso-calledsuper-insulationisrequiredtostorethesolarheat.

6.Loganisalsousingthermalmass,ordirt,tokeepthehousebothwarminthewinterandcoolinthesummer.

7.He'susingmilk-basedpaint,forexample,andrelativelylittleofthat.

8.Thisroomandtheinsideofthisroom--virtuallyallthefinishesdidnotneedtobepainted.

9.Paintingisafairlyun-environmentalactinthatitissomethingthatinvolveschemistry.

10.Initially,Loganwillgetallhiswaterfromawell.

11.Theroofhasguttersandwilleventuallycollectrainwaterforgeneraluse.

B3.Mainfeatures:

south-facingwindows:

day-lighting,solarheat

nofurnace

noair-conditioning

solarheater:

hotwater

three-footoutsidewalls:

adobe+insulation+adobe

thermalmass

milk-basedpaint

ceiling:

galvanized

insidewall:

plaster

nocarpet

notconnectedtoawatersystem:

well,rainwater

Tapescript:

A--AlanJ--JonesL--Logan

A:

Manyenvironmentalistsandenergyexpertssaythatthewaveofthefuturewon'tbeanyonemiraclecure,butratheroverallconservationofavailableresources.Theapproachisbeingspearheadedbyaquietrevolutionintheeco-consciousconstructionbusiness.ColoradoPublicRadio'sPeterJonesrecentlyvisitedabuildingsitenearBoulderandbringsusthisreport.

J:

ArchitectJimLoganisbuildinghisenvironmentallysustainabledream-houseatthesiteofaformercommuneafewmilesnorthofBoulder.Loganhasincorporatednearlyeveryaspectofamoderneco-consciousdesign.Asyoudriveontothesmallfarmproperty,you'reimmediatelystruckbyaseriesoflargesouth-facingwindows.Walkthroughthewell-litkitchen,andyou'llseethateventhenorthsideofthebuildinghasapassivesolarcomponent.

L:

Everyroominthishousehasawindowthatfacessouth,regardlessofwhereit'slocated,soalltheroomsinthehousehavebothday-lighting,whichmeansthatthere'samplelightcominginhighintotheroomsothatwedon'tneedtouseelectriclightsduringtheday,andalsohavesouth-facingglassthatprovidessolarheat.

J:

Asaresult,Logan'shousewillhaveneitherafurnacenorair-conditioning.Forhotwater,he'llteeanactivesolarheater.Butefficientuseofthesunisonlyoneofthebuilding's