stepbystep3000第三册unit8答案及原文.docx
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stepbystep3000第三册unit8答案及原文
英语专业学生经典的听力材料
Unit8Architecture
PartIWarmingup
A.
Tapescript:
Forhundredsofyears,ithasbeenanimperialcapitalofEurope.ItsrulersraidedtheWesternworldtoenrichthecoffersoftheempire.Theyspenttheirwealthonmagnificentpalacesandgrandpublicbuildings.TheybuiltanoperahousethatrivalsanyinEurope.Theyfoundedgreatmuseumsandlibraries.Theyconstructedmassive,ornategovernmentbuildings.Andtheyraisedopulentpalacesforthemselves.AtourofViennaisatourofthesemonumentstoexcess.
TakeSchonbrunnPalace,forinstance.ThePalace'sMillionRoom,namedafterthecostofthedecorations--1millionguilders,isaRococomasterpiece.Insetinthepanelingare260rareminiaturesofIndo-Persianheritage.Theframesarerealgoldleaf,andthepanelingispreciouswood.
TheGreatGallery,modeledafteraroominVersaillesnearParis,has35-footceilingsgracedwithgiantfrescoes(壁画)boastingofthepoweroftheAustrianarmy.Massivecrystalchandeliersreflectinthewallofmirrors,trimmedingoldleaf.
ThelistofothersightstoseeinViennaislong.St.Stephen'sCathedraldominatestheskylineofOldTown,themedievalsectionofthecity.Itsmainspiresoars450feetintothesky,andthetopcanbereachedbyclimbing343steps.Thecathedral'wasbeguninthe12thcentury.
Inthecatacombs(陵墓)beneaththecathedralarecopperurns(骨灰坛)containingtheintestinesofdeceasedHabsburgs.Theirbodiesareinornatecaskets(棺材)intheImperialBurialVaultsintheKapuzinerChurchafewblocksaway,andcanbevisited.
TheOldTownisafascinatingplacetowalk.Mostofthenarrowstreetshavebeenturnedintopedestrianmallslinedwithshops,coffeehousesandrestaurants.Inonesection,theoriginalRomanruinsunderthestreetscanbeseenbygoingtoanundergroundmuseum.
TheNaturalHistoryMuseumandtheMuseumofFineArtsoccupymatchingbuildingsonMariaTheresaPlaza,asmallsquareacrossfromtheHofburg.HofburgistheHabsburg’sin-townpalace.Itisbig,with2,600rooms,butnotornate.Hofburgisajumbleofbuildingsconstructedatdifferenttimesandindifferentstyles,fromBaroque,GothicandClassicaltoRenaissanceandRococo.Itsoldestpartsdatefromthe13thcentury,butmostwerebuiltfromthe1700son.
B1.
ThePalaisduLouvre:
Location:
heartofParis
Beginningyearofconstruction:
1527
Timewhenfirstusedasapublicartgallery:
1793
TheLouvrePyramid:
Designer:
IeohMingPei
Use:
themainentrancetothePalaisduLouvre
Height:
21m
Width:
33m
Materials:
steeltubes,cables,sheetglass
Yearofcompletion:
1988
Tapescript:
ThePalaisduLouvrestandsattheheartofParis,andhousesoneoftheworld'sgreatestcollectionsofworksofart.Theoriginalpalacedatesfrom1527,anditwasextendedandaddedtooverthenextfourcenturies.Itwasfirstusedasapublicartgalleryin1793.In1981,theChinese-AmericanarchitectIeohMingPeiwascommissionedtoredevelopthepublicpartoftheLouvreandcreatemorespaceforreceptionareasandservices.HedesignedthefamousGlassPyramid,whichservesasthemainentrancetothebuilding,leadingundergroundtothemuseumandartgallery.ThePyramidis21metershighand33meterswide,andusesacombinationofsteeltubes,cablesandsheetglass.Itwascompletedin1988,andquicklybecameamajortouristattractioninitsownright.
B2
1.ShelikestheLouvrePyramidbecauseofthetransparency,andithasalighteffect.
2.ShelikestheLouvrePyramidforitscontrastofshapes.ItemphasizesthebeautyoftheLouvre.
3.ShethinkstherightthingistoputsomethingsocontradictorytotheLouvre.Theystandindialoguewitheachotherandtheydon'ttrytocomplementeachother.
4.ShethinksitwouldhavebeenthebiggestmistaketotrytobuildsomethingsimilartotheLouvre.
Tapescript:
IliketheLouvrePyramidbecauseofitstransparency,becauseyoucanjustlookthroughit,andithasaverylighteffect.Itisnotheavyanditismadeofglass,andsoitlookslikealightobject.AndIlikeitforitscontrastofshapes,becauseitissuchacontrasttotheLouvrebuildingthatinfactitdoesn'tinterferewiththebeautyoftheLouvre,butiteven,itemphasizesthebeautyoftheLouvre.Andintheeveningwhenthispyramidislighted,it'sjustasourceoflighttoputtheLouvreintoanewlight.Andthishasformealsoasymbolicmeaning.Anditissuchanunexpectedshapeinthisurbancontext,justtouseatraditionalshapeofapyramidbuiltinnewmaterialswithnewtechnologies,high-tech,andsoon,thatitisacompletelysurprisingeffect.Sothatpeoplegetshockedbyitortheylikeit,butthereisnobodywhowouldbeuninvolvedorwhocouldjustpassandnotnoticethisbuilding.Soit'ssomethingyouhavetolookat.AndIthinkthisisalsoveryimportantinbuilding,andcreatingsomethinginthecities,andexactlyforexampleclosetothesehistoricalbuildingswhicharesucha...theyaresosensitivetopicsthatnobodydarestotouchthem.Ithinktherightthingisreallytoputsomethingsocontradictorytoitthattheystandindialoguewitheachotherandtheydon'teventrytocomplementeachother.BecauseitwouldhavebeenthebiggestmistaketotrytobuildsomethingsimilartotheLouvre,toputabuildingwhichwouldcopytheLouvre,becauseitwouldjustmeanthatwedon'tliveincontinuity,thearchitecturedoesn'tcontinueitshistory,butitwouldmeanthatarchitecturestandsstillonthelevelofthe17thcentury,andthatwouldbealie.
Ecology生态学ecologicalsystem生态系统
Consultant顾问
Model模式
Minimize减小,减少
PartIIeco-consciousconstruction
A
Theworld’sfirsteco-city/
offthecoast
Agriculturalland/
halfamillion/
$1.3billion/
asustainabilityconsultant
Sustainabledevelopment
Amoreecologicallyfriendlymodel/
minimizeimpactonnature/
solarandwindpower/
powerandfertilizers/
electriccars
B1.
1.adream-housewhichissustainablebytheenvironment-----anenvironmentally-sustainabledream-house
2.windowsthatfacesouth--south-facingwindows
3.akitchenthatiswelllit--awell-litkitchen
4.paintthatisbasedonmilkorusesmilkasabase----milk-basedpaint
5.solutionswhicharebeneficialtotheenvironment--environmentally-beneficialsolutions
Tapescript.
1.ArchitectJimLoganisbuildinghisenvironmentally-sustainabledream-houseatthesiteofaformercommuneafewmilesnorthofBoulder.
2.Asyoudriveontothesmallfarmproperty,you'reimmediatelystruckbyaseriesoflargesouth-facingwindows.
3.Walkthroughthewell-litkitchen,andyou'llseethateventhenorthsideofthebuildinghasapassivesolarcomponent.
4.Inallfacetsofconstruction,Loganisemphasizingbothbiodegradablebuildingproductsandnontoxicmaterials.He'susingmilk-basedpaint,forexample.
5.Inmanycases,manyenvironmentally-beneficialsolutionspayforthemselvesinaslittleas6or7or8months.
Tapescript.
1.Loganhasincorporatednearlyeveryaspectofamoderneco-consciousdesign.
2.Everyroominthishousehasawindowthatfacessouth,regardlessofwhereit'slocated.
3.Alltheroomsinthehousehavebothday-lighting,whichmeansthatthere'samplelightcominginhighintotheroomsothatwedon'tneedtouseelectriclightsduringtheday.
4.Asaresult,Logan'shousewillhaveneitherafurnacenorair-conditioning.
5.Theso-calledsuper-insulationisrequiredtostorethesolarheat.
6.Loganisalsousingthermalmass,ordirt,tokeepthehousebothwarminthewinterandcoolinthesummer.
7.He'susingmilk-basedpaint,forexample,andrelativelylittleofthat.
8.Thisroomandtheinsideofthisroom--virtuallyallthefinishesdidnotneedtobepainted.
9.Paintingisafairlyun-environmentalactinthatitissomethingthatinvolveschemistry.
10.Initially,Loganwillgetallhiswaterfromawell.
11.Theroofhasguttersandwilleventuallycollectrainwaterforgeneraluse.
B3.Mainfeatures:
south-facingwindows:
day-lighting,solarheat
nofurnace
noair-conditioning
solarheater:
hotwater
three-footoutsidewalls:
adobe+insulation+adobe
thermalmass
milk-basedpaint
ceiling:
galvanized
insidewall:
plaster
nocarpet
notconnectedtoawatersystem:
well,rainwater
Tapescript:
A--AlanJ--JonesL--Logan
A:
Manyenvironmentalistsandenergyexpertssaythatthewaveofthefuturewon'tbeanyonemiraclecure,butratheroverallconservationofavailableresources.Theapproachisbeingspearheadedbyaquietrevolutionintheeco-consciousconstructionbusiness.ColoradoPublicRadio'sPeterJonesrecentlyvisitedabuildingsitenearBoulderandbringsusthisreport.
J:
ArchitectJimLoganisbuildinghisenvironmentallysustainabledream-houseatthesiteofaformercommuneafewmilesnorthofBoulder.Loganhasincorporatednearlyeveryaspectofamoderneco-consciousdesign.Asyoudriveontothesmallfarmproperty,you'reimmediatelystruckbyaseriesoflargesouth-facingwindows.Walkthroughthewell-litkitchen,andyou'llseethateventhenorthsideofthebuildinghasapassivesolarcomponent.
L:
Everyroominthishousehasawindowthatfacessouth,regardlessofwhereit'slocated,soalltheroomsinthehousehavebothday-lighting,whichmeansthatthere'samplelightcominginhighintotheroomsothatwedon'tneedtouseelectriclightsduringtheday,andalsohavesouth-facingglassthatprovidessolarheat.
J:
Asaresult,Logan'shousewillhaveneitherafurnacenorair-conditioning.Forhotwater,he'llteeanactivesolarheater.Butefficientuseofthesunisonlyoneofthebuilding's