HND采购报告4.docx

HND采购报告4.docx

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HND采购报告4

HND采购报告4

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efficient,reduceinventory.Thereareseveralwaystoreducethecycletime.Forexample,thecompanycantrackandmeasuresupplierleadtimes,choosethegoodleadtimesandnegotiatewiththesupplytoachievethelowerleadtime.IntheIBM,theIPDalsousethiswaytoreducingcost,theypayattentiontotheleadtimesandtrytolowertheleadtimesbychooseandcommunicatewithsupply.Ofcourse,thecompanycanoutsourcingnon-corefunctionstoreducingcost.IBMcanchoosethebestelectroniccomponentscompanytoproducethecomponentandsomenon-coreitems,itwillsavehugeresourcesandcost.

3.TheObjectivesofTheIPDinMakingaDecisiontoSourceOversea

Internationalanddomesticprocurementprocurementdivisiondistinguishing.Firstdomesticprocurementofmaterials,parts,suchasfromthelocalmarket,butinternationalprocurementisusedtopurchasefromglobalsourcingistouseinternationalpolicies,prices,advantagessuchaslowertariffsoncheapLabour,ortoreducethecost.

InternationalprocurementcanreducecostcanseefromIBM'scase.IBM,forexample,ifinChinatoproduceaproductofitscomponentsandLabourcostsmustbelowthanthesameproductsintheUnitedStates,italsocanreducethecost.Inadditiontothis,someresourcesandtechnologyinChinaislimited,globalsourcingcangotobuysomeothercompany'stechnologyandresources,itisnotonlytothecompanyprovidestheresources,butalsostimulatethecompetition.Intheinternationalmarket,therearemanyfirmsand:

supplier,thecompanycanobtainmoreinformationandsupplychainIntheglobalmarket.TheIBMmakethesourceoverseassavemanycostandobtainthethings:

supplierIncompany'smarketIntheworld.

4.TheComponentsoftheFirm’sInternationalPurchasingCycle

Internationalprocurementofthemainstepsincludesixsteps,forecastandplantherequirement,needclarification（requisition）:

supplier,identification/selection,contract/purchaseordergeneration,receiptofthematerialorserviceandthedocuments,settlementandpayment,andmeasurementoftheperformance.

Firstofall,thepurchasingdepartmentshouldbeenoughtounderstandtheneedsofthecompanyandtimelytoupdatethestock.Ifthecompanyneedtootherproductsorspecialproduct,purchasingdepartmentshouldbeintimetobuy.Second,thedepartmentshouldlistthenumberorthetimeoftheproductorservice,deliveritspecifytheneedandpreparetopurchasing.Beforesubmittheorder,itusuallyneedsomeauthorityforitspurchase,astothefinancialauthority,itwillhelpthedepartmenttodealwithsomeofthebigorder.Ofcourse,researchthe:

supplierisalsoimportantforpurchasing.Third,thepurchasedepartmentshouldidentifysuppliers,vendorsshouldchoosethosewhocanunluckilysubmitthesuppliersofgoodsandthequalityofthegoodsalsoneedcertainrequirements.Afterchoosethe:

supplier,thecompanywillcontractwiththe:

supplierandestablishthepriceandterms,itwillprotecttheprofitofthecompanyand:

supplier.Next,thedepartmentcanplaceorderwith:

supplier,duetotheyhasacontract,the:

supplierwillfollowthecontractandoffertherightproductorservicesforthebusiness.Thefifthisreceivingmaterialsorservicesandfile,inthisstepinvolvestransportationpass,suchaspurchasingdepartmentnegotiatewithsupplieraboutthedeliverymethodandshouldbeproofoftransportationandinsurance.Finallysettleaccounts,paymentandperformancemeasurement.Afterreceivingandcheckingproductsofthecompany,thecompanyshouldapprovalandpayment,goodstradetermsandcurrencyneedtoconsider,andusecomputertoupdatetherecord.

5.TheRelationshipsBetweenPurchasingandOtherDepartment

Therearemanydepartmentsinanorganization,theinternationalprocurementdepartmentisoneofthemanydepartments,andwillplayaveryimportantroleintheorganization.Purchasingdepartmentneedtocommunicatewithotherdepartments,suchasdesign,researchanddevelopmentandfinancedepartment（Berezin,M.,2005）.

Purchasingneedtoworktogetherwiththedepartment,inordertoensuretheoperationoftheorganization.Atfirst,thedesigndepartmentshouldworktogetherwithR&Ddepartmenttoensurethatthedesignisfeasibleandsuitable.MinistryofFinanceisdesignedtohelpcalculatethecostandPurchasingwillofferthesupporttotheDesignandTheDesignDepartmentcanmakeaperformancefeedbackandasksomerequirementforthePurchasing.Secondly,theR&DdepartmentneedcooperatewiththePurchasing.ThisisduetothattheR&Ddepartmentneedrawmaterialandinformation,thusthePurchasingcanpurchasethematerialfortheR&DandmakeainitialsurveyofsuppliertoobtainsomeinformationtohelptheR&Dimproveandcreatemoregreatproducts.Inthenext，Purchasingdepartmentsmustsubmitprocurementplansandwaitfortheaudit,thefinancialsectorwillprovidethefundsneededforthepurchasingdepartment.finallytheFinancewillmakesurethecostwithinthebudgetsandagreethemakeorbuydecision.

6.TheContributionoftheIPDtotheAppraisalofOverseasSuppliers

AgoodsupplieriscriticaltoIPD,theIPDshouldthereforepotentialperformance,financialandotheraspectsoftheinvestigationandevaluationofsupplierstoensurethatthecompany'sprofits.Therearemanywaystoevaluatepotentialsuppliers.

First,theabilityofsupplierstosolvetheproblem,becauseitistheoverseasbuyerssotheremaybealotofproblemsoccur.Therefore,ifthesupplierhasagoodabilitytodealwiththeproblem,IPDpressurewillbereduced..Nextoneisthecorrectiveactionresponse,ifthesupplierdeliverthewrongproductormaterial,theresponseandcorrectivewillaffecttheappraisalofsupplier,iftheresponseisveryfast,thebuyerlosswilldecrease,sotheIPDwillprefertochoosethissupplier.third,theabilityoftechnologysuppliersandtechnologyupdateisalsoveryimportant,ifthesuppliercancontinuouslyupdateandensurethetechnicalqualityoftheproduct,whichcangivethebuyeragoodimage.Thesuppliercost-reductionideas,ifthepotentialsupplierhasacost-reductionideas,thismeantthatthesupplierwilltakemoreactiontoimprovethetechnologyorsystemtoreducethecost,itisbenefitforthebuyerduetothatitwillreducethecostofpurchasing.Ifthepotentialsuppliersupportnew-product,itwillbeverygoodandbuyerwilllikethissupplier,thisisbecauseitcansavetimeandcostforthepurchasertofindnewsupplier.Atlast,thecompatibilityofbuyerandsellerwilldecidethefuturedevelopmentandthepossibilityofcooperation.

Ofcourse,inadditiontothese,financialcondition,productionfacilities,willalsoaffecttheoverallqualityofperformanceassessment.Stablefinancialsituationandhasahugefacilitytoimprovetheabilityofsuppliers.Therefore,buyersprefertochoosethissuppliercollaboration.

7TheNeedforPaymentDocumentationWhenImportingGoods

Delaysandprofitprotectionoftheimportingcountry,whetherimportedorexportadocumentwhenaveryimportantright,thecorrectdocumentstoavoidgoods.Meanwhile,,thebuyerandsellermusthasacontracttostatethedocumentationanddecidethecurrency.Paymentdocumentwillalsohelpprovidethenecessaryimportscorrectimport,importdutiesandtaxes.Forexamplethereareseveralpaymentdocumentssuchascommercialinvoices,packinglists,certificatesoforiginandbillsofladingorairwaybill.

First,theimporterofthecommercialinvoiceisessential.Thecommercialinvoiceisusedasacustomsdeclarationprovidedbythepersonorcorporationthatisexportinganitemacrossinternationalborders.Itwillreflectthevalueofthepricingorgoods.Importersneedtousethedocumentsforimportdeclaration.Afterthecustomcheckandcorrect,theimportercanreceivethegoods.Second,iftheexporterhasthecertificateoforigin,theywillenjoypreferentialimporttariffs.Thus,theimportercanusethedocumentationtoasklowerpriceofimportandofferittocustomandreducethetariffs.Atthesametime,theimportingcountrycanuseittomaintainqualityandavoidcounterfeitthirdcountries.Third,thepackinglist（"Packinglistdefinition".B.Retrieved2009-01-29.）Isalsousefulfortheimporter.Detailedpackinglistincludesthenumberofparcelsofgoods,size,grossandnetweightoftheshipmentofthemarks,thenumberofunitsperparcel.Thecustomwillusethedocumentationtoinspectcargoandimporteruseittocheckthegoods.Finally,thebilloflading（Levi,MauriceD.2005）isadocumentissuedbyacarrierwhichdetailsashipmentofmerchandiseandgivestitleofthatshipmenttoaspecifiedparty.[1]Billsofladingareoneofthreeimportantdocumentsusedininternationaltradetohelpguaranteethatexportersreceivepaymentandimportersreceivemerchandise.Astraightbillofladingisusedwhenpaymenthasbeenmadeinadvanceofshipmentandrequiresacarriertodeliverthemerchandisetotheappropriateparty.Anorderbillofladingisusedwhenshippingmerchandisepriortopayment,requiringacarriertodeliverthemerchandisetotheimporter,andattheendorsementoftheexporterthecarriermaytransfertitletotheimporter.Endorsedorderbillsofladingcanbetradedasasecurityorserveascollateralagainstdebtobligations.

8.TheImpactofIncotermsForthePriceofImportedGoods

Ininternationalcommercialtransactions,therearemanyinternationalIncoterms.Itdefinestherightsandobligationsofthepartiestothetrade.Inparticularitwillbethedefinitionofthetransactionandtransportationcosts,customsdutiesandinsuranc