中科院博士英语模板.docx

中科院博士英语模板.docx

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中科院博士英语模板

SAMPLETEST

THECHINESEACADEMYOFSCIENCES

ENGLISHENTRANCEEXAMINATION

FOR

DOCTORALCANDIDATES

PAPERONE

PARTIVOCABULARY（15minutes,10points,0.5pointeach）

Directions:

Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

1.Tenyearsago,ahousewithadecentbathroomwasa__________symbolamonguniversityprofessors.

A.postB.status

C.positionD.place

2.Itwouldbefarbetterifcollectorscouldbepersuadedtospendtheirtimeandmoneyinsupportof___________archaeologicalresearch.

A.legibleB.legitimate

C.legislativeD.illicit

3.Weseekasocietythathasatits__________arespectforthedignityandworthoftheindividual.

A.endB.hand

C.coreD.best

4.Avarietyofproblemshavegreatly_________thecountry’snormaleducationaldevelopment.

A.impededB.imparted

C.imploredD.implemented

5.Agoodeducationisanassetyoucan________fortherestofyourlife.

A.spelloutB.callupon

C.falloverD.resortto

6.Oilcanchangeasocietymore____________thananyonecouldeverhaveimagined.

A.grosslyB.severely

C.rapidlyD.drastically

7.Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeof___________istomaketheworldapleasanterplacetolivein,andyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.

A.elitismB.eloquence

C.eminenceD.etiquette

8.TheNewTestamentwasnotonlywrittenintheGreeklanguage,butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywere_____________inmanypartsofit.

A.alteredB.criticized

C.incorporatedD.translated

9.NobodywilleverknowtheagonyIgo__________waitingforhimtocomehome.

A.overB.with

C.downD.through

10.Whileacountry’seconomyisbecomingthemostpromisingintheworld,itspeopleshouldbemore____________abouttheirqualityoflife.

A.discriminatingB.distributing

C.disagreeingD.disclosing

11.Cheatedbytwoboyswhomhehadtruston,Josephpromisedto____________them.

A.findfaultwithB.makethemostof

C.lookdownuponD.getevenwith

12.TheMinister’s_________answerlettoanoutcryfromtheOpposition.

A.impressiveB.evasive

C.intensiveD.exhaustive

13.Inproportionasthe____________betweenclasseswithinthenationdisappearsthehostilityofonenationtoanotherwillcometoanend.

A.intoleranceB.pessimism

C.injusticeD.antagonism

14.Everyonedoestheirownthing,tothepointwhereafifth-gradeteachercan’t__________onafourth-gradeteacherhavingtaughtcertainthings.

A.countB.insist

C.fallD.dwell

15.Whenthefirebrokeoutinthebuilding,thepeoplelosttheir__________andranintotheelevator.

A.heartsB.tempers

C.headsD.senses

16.Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply___________everycheatinthemarketplace.

A.atthemercyofB.inlieuof

C.bycourtesyofD.forthepriceof

17.Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson’spensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalueofthe_________Singaporepension.

A.equivalentB.similar

C.consistentD.identical

18.Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk____________.

A.honestlyB.graciously

C.coherentlyD.flexibly

19.Thenovel,whichisaworkofart,existsnotbyits_____________life,butbyitsimmeasurabledifferencefromlife.

A.significanceinB.imaginationat

C.resemblancetoD.predominanceover

20.Shewasartfulandcouldalways____________herparentsintheend.

A.shoutdownB.getround

C.complywithD.passover

PARTIICLOZETEST（15minutes,15points）

Directions:

Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenintheoppositecolumn.MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

Weareenteringaperiodinwhichrapidpopulationgrowth,thepresenceofdeadlyweapons,anddwindlingresourceswillbringinternationaltensionstodangerouslevelsforanextendedperiod.Indeed,21seemsnoreasonfortheselevelsofdangertosubsideunlesspopulationequilibriumis22andsomeroughmeasureoffairnessreachedinthedistributionofwealthamongnations.23ofadequatemagnitudeimplyawillingnesstoredistributeincomeinternationallyonamoregenerous24thantheadvancednationshaveevidencedwithintheirowndomains.Therequiredincreasesin25inthebackwardregionswouldnecessitategiganticapplicationsofenergymerelytoextractthe26resources.

Itisuncertainwhethertherequisiteenergy-producingtechnologyexists,andmoreserious,27thatitsapplicationwouldbringustothethresholdofanirreversiblechangeinclimate28aconsequenceoftheenormousadditionofmanmadeheattotheatmosphere.Itisthis29problemthatposesthemostdemandinganddifficultofthechallenges.Theexisting30ofindustrialgrowth,withnoallowanceforincreasedindustrializationtorepairglobalpoverty,hold31theriskofenteringthedangerzoneofclimaticchangeinas32asthreeorfourgenerations.Ifthetrajectoryisinfactpursued,industrialgrowthwill33havetocometoanimmediatehalt,foranothergenerationortwoalongthat34wouldliterallyconsumehuman,perhapsalllife.Theterrifyingoutcomecanbepostponedonlytotheextentthatthewastageofheatcanbereduced,35thattechnologiesthatdonotaddtotheatmosphericheatburden—forexample,theuseofsolarenergy—canbeutilized.（1996）

21.A.oneB.itC.thisD.there

22.A.achievedB.succeededC.producedD.executed

23.A.TransfersB.TransactionsC.TransportsD.Transcripts

24.A.extentB.scaleC.measureD.range

25.A.outgrowthB.outcropC.outputD.outcome

26.A.neededB.needyC.needlessD.needing

27.A.possibleB.possiblyC.probableD.probably

28.A.inB.withC.asD.to

29.A.leastB.lateC.latestD.last

30.A.raceB.paceC.faceD.lace

31.A.onB.upC.downD.out

32.A.lessB.fewerC.manyD.little

33.A.ratherB.hardlyC.thenD.yet

34.A.lineB.moveC.driveD.track35.A.ifB.orC.whileD.as

PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION

SectionA（60minutes,30points）

Directions:

Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement.MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.

Passage1

Thewritingofahistoricalsynthesisinvolvesintegratingthematerialsavailabletothehistorianintoacomprehensiblewhole.Theprobleminwritingahistoricalsynthesisishowtofindapatternin,orimposeapatternupon,thedetailedinformationthathasalreadybeenusedtoexplainthecausesforahistoricalevent.

Asynthesisseekscommonelementsinwhichtointerpretthecontingentpartsofahistoricalevent.Theinitialstep,therefore,inwritingahistoricalsynthesis,istoputtheeventtobesynthesizedinaproperhistoricalperspective,sothatthecommonelementsorstrandsmakinguptheeventcanbedetermined.Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyanalyzingthehistoricaleventaspartofageneraltrendorcontinuuminhistory.Thecommonelementsthatarefamiliartotheeventwillbecometheideologicalframeworkinwhichthehistorianseekstosynthesize.Thisisnottosaythatanyfactorwillnothaveagreaterrelativevalueinthehistorian’shandlingoftheinterrelatedwhenviewedinabroadhistoricalperspective.

Thehistorian,insynthesizing,mustdeterminetheextenttowhichtheexistinghypotheseshavesimilartrends.Ageneraltrendline,onceestablished,willenablethesesimilartrendstobecorrelatedandparalleledwithintheconceptualframeworkofacommonbase.Asynthesisfurtherseekstodetermine,fromexistinghypotheses,whyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid;thus,itnecessitatesreconstructingthespiritofthetimesinordertoassimilatethepolitical,social,psychological,etc.,factorswithinacommonbase.

Assuch,thesynthesisbecomesthelogicalconstructininterpretingthecommongroundbetweenanoriginalexplanationofanoutcome（thesis）andthereinterpretationoftheoutcomealongdifferentlines（antithesis）.Therefore,thesynthesisnecessitatestheintegrationofthematerialsavailableintoacomprehensiblewholewhichwillinturnprovideanewhistoricalperspectivefortheeventbeingsynthesized.

36.Theauthorwouldmostlybeconcernedwith_____________.

A.findingthemostimportantcauseforaparticularhistoricalevent

B.determiningwhenhypothesesneedtobereinterpreted

C.imposingapatternuponvaryinginterpretationsforthecausesofaparticularhistoricalevent

D.attributingmanyconditionsthattogetherleadtoaparticularhistoricaleventortosinglemotive

37.Themostimportantpreliminarystepinwritingahistoricalsynthesiswouldbe____________.

A.toaccumulatesufficientreferencematerialtoexplainanevent

B.analyzingthehistoricaleventtodetermineifa“singlethemetheory”applestotheevent

C.determiningthecommonstrandsthatmakeupahistoricalevent

D.interpretinghistoricalfactorstodetermineifonefactorwillhaverelativelygreatervalue

38.Thebestdefinitionfortheterm“h