中考英语真题 分类 专题163 阅读理解说明文第01期原卷版.docx
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中考英语真题分类专题163阅读理解说明文第01期原卷版
2019年中考真题英语分项汇编
(一)【2019•重庆市中考】
CinyeeChiu,anartistfromTaiwan,isalwayshappytotrysomethingnew.Heramazingworkswonlotsofprizes.Amongthem,"24SolarTerms(节气)"isthemostpopular.
AncientChinesedividedayearinto24partsaccordingtothechangesoftheweather.It’sthe24solarterms.Butnoteveryoneknowsthemwell.CinyeeChiuputthe24solarternsinpicturestohelppeopleunderstandthembetter.
Cinyeeturnedeachsolartermintoananimal.Buttheseanimalsarenotjustanimals.Youcanalsofindseasonalfruits,vegetablesorbeautifulflowersonthem.
Whenspringcomes,watergetswarmandfishstarttoswimaround.SoCinyeechosefishasasymbolofStartofSpring.Also,shedrewspringvegetables,Chinesechivesonthebackofthefish.
WhiteDewfallsonaboutSept.8.Itshowsthebeginningofthecoolautumn.Therearecolorfulleavesandcoolernightsatthistimeofyear.Asthetemperaturefalls,whitedew(露珠)isoftenseenonthegrassandtreesatnight.ForWhiteDew,Cinyeechosearaccoon—asmallanimalwiththickhair.Shedrewwhitespots(小圆点)ontheraccoontoshowdew.Andsheusedthedragonfruittoshowtherichcolorsinautumn.
TheyoungartistreallygavetheancientChinesecultureanewlook.
1.Thewritergave___________examplestoshowCinyee’s"24SolarTerms".
A.twoB.threeC.fourD.five
2.FromParagraph5,weknowthat___________.
A.araccoonlikesfish
B.StartofSpringfallsonaboutDec.8
C.WhiteDewshowstheendoftheautumn
D.Cinyeeusedwhitespotstoshowdew
3.Accordingtothepassage,Picture___________can’tbefromCinyee’s"24SolarTerms".
A.
B.
C.
D.
4.Thewritermainlywantstotalkabout___________.
A.whyCinyeemadeherselfknown
B.whodividedayearinto24parts
C.howCinyeeshowedthe24solarterms
D.whatStartofSpringandWhiteDewmean
(二)【2019•浙江省温州市】
Manyobjectsintheuniverseareinvisible,buttheysendradiowaves.Theradiotelescopethusappeared,anditisconsideredoneofthegreatestinventionsinthetwentiethcentury.Reberbuilttheworld’sfirstradiotelescopein1937.RyleandHewishdevelopedradiotelescopesystemsforthelocationofweakradiosources,andtheysharedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1974.
Aradiotelescopeisusuallymadeupof:
Oneormoreantennastocollecttheradiowaves.Mostantennasaremadeintheshapeofadishtocollectandreflect,theradiowavestothesub-reflector,inthesamewayasacurvedmirrorfocusesvisiblelighttoonepoint.
Areceiverandamplifiertoreceivetheradiowavesfromthesub-reflector,andmaketheseweakradiowavesstrongenoughtoberecordedandturnedintoelectronicsignals.Tomakeanamplifiersensitiveenough,itisusuallycooledto,verylowtemperatures(e.g.aslowas-270℃).
Arecordertokeeparecordoftheelectronicsignals.Most:
radiotelescopestodaykeepthesignalstothecomputer’smemorydiskforastronomerstoanalyzelater.
Radiowavelengthsaremuchlongerthanthoseofvisiblelight,andtheradiowavesfromdeepspacearealwaysweak.TocatchRadiowavelengthsaremuchlongerthanthoseofvisiblelight,andtheradiowavesfromdeepspacearealwaysweak.Tocatchthesewaves,radiotelescopesusuallyhavehugeantennas.Thesizesofmostantennasinusetodayarearound50to300metresindiameter.TheantennaofFASTinGuizhou,China,thelatestandlargestradiotelescopeintheworld,is500metresindiameter,aslargeasthesizeof30footballfields.
Toavoidinterferences,andkeepthetelescopessensitive,radiotelescopesarebuiltinplaceswheretherearenohumanradiowavesorelectronicsignals.Forexample,FASTis5kilometresawayfromtheclosestvillageand25kilometresawayfromthenearesttown.
Radiotelescopescreatepicturesofthesky,notinvisiblelight,butinradiowaves.Thisisextremelyuseful,becausethereareobjectsthatcan’tbeseen,objectsthatwewouldn’tevenknowwithoutradiotelescopes.
5.Radiotelescopeshelpcollect___________fromtheuniverse
A.lightB.objectsC.radiowavesD.visiblesignals
6.Mostantennasofradiotelescopesaremadeintheshapeofadishto___________.
A.maketheantennasstrongenoughB.increasethenumberofradiowaves
C.turnradiowavesintoelectronicsignalsD.focusradiowavesonthesub-reflector
7.Theunderlinedword"interferences"inthepassagerefersto___________.
A.thenoisesmadebyvillagersandanimals
B.thesoundsfromtheradiosandtelevisions
C.thepeoplewhogotoGuizhoutowatchFASTwork
D.theradiowavesandelectronicsignalsfromhumans
8.Whathavewedonewiththehelpofradiotelescopes?
A.Wehavereceivedpicturesofdeepspace.
B.Wehavediscoveredunknownlivesintheuniverse.
C.Wehavefoundsomeunknownobjectsintheuniverse.
D.Wehaveturnedtheradiowavesfromspaceintolight.
(三)【2019•浙江省衢州市】
Theworldhasaplasticsproblem.Andnotjustwithbottles.Straws(吸管),toothbrushes,toys—allkindsofplasticsareplacedinlandfills.Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.Landfillshavealargepartofit.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.
Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloatingaroundoutthere.Andmostplasticwon’tdisappearitself.Itwillremainintheoceanforever.Whalesgetcaughtinplasticfishingnets.Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.Itendangersoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.
Governmentsarerealizingthatrecyclingmaynotbeenough.Theyaretakingmoreactions.Thoughitishardwork,itisstillasolvableproblem.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.TheUSalonethrowsawaysome500millionplasticstrawsaday.That’senoughtocircletheEarthtwice."Sayingnotoaplasticstrawisaneasywaytomakeabigdifference,"DanaLofflinwhostartedwww.strawfree.orgsaid."Dowereallywanttopassontoourchildrenaworldharmedbyplastic?
"
Peoplehavefoundsometastywaystoreducewaste.AcompanyinIndiamadethefirst-everspoonthatpeoplecaneat.Youdon’thavetoeatthespoon.Youcanthrowitaway.Itdecomposes(分解)injustafewdays.DavidEdwards,ascientistatHarvardUniversity,designedaneatablebagwhichcanprotectthefoodordrinkinside.Itisadeliciousreplacementforplasticones.
9.Accordingtothewrite,birdsdiebecausethey___________.
A.eatbottlecapsandstrawsB.getcaughtinfishingnets
C.feedonoceananimalsD.havethespoonsinIndia
10.Theunderlinedword"endangers"inParagraph2probablymeans___________.
A.bringsB.losesC.harmsD.saves
11.Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto___________.
A.introducesomewaystorecyclewaste
B.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplastics
C.compareairpollutionandplasticpollution
D.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwaste
12.Fromthepassage,wecantellthattheplasticsproblem___________.
A.istoobigforpeopletosolveB.canbesolvedbyrecyclingalone
C.canbesolved,butitwon’tbeeasyD.willhavetobesolvedbyfuturescientists
(四)【2019•四川省广安市】
Artificialintelligence(AI)(人工智能)istheabilityofacomputerprogramoramachine.ThecomputerorthemachinewithAIcanthinkandlearn.Itisalsoafieldofstudythattriestomakecomputers"smart".JohnMcCarthy,ascientist,cameupwith(提出)thename"artificialintelligence"over60yearsago.Manythingssuchaslearningandproblemsolvingcanbedonebycomputers,thoughnotinthesamewayaspeopledo.
AnunusualgoalofAIresearchistocreatecomputerprograms.Theycanlearn,solveproblems,andthinklogically(逻辑地).Atpresent,Alcansuccessfullyunderstandinghumanspeech,recognizie(识别)humanfaces,operateself-drivingcarsandcompeteinsomegamesystemslikeplayingChess.However,somepeoplealsoconsider(认为)AIadangertohumansifitdevelopstooquickly.AfamousBritishscientistalsowasnotforthiskindoftechnology.
MathisthebasiclanguageofAI.Ifstudentsaregoodatmath,theywillbemorelikelytobecomesuccessfulAIdesigners(设计者)inthefuture.Weneednotonlybrightstudents,butalsoaverage(普通的)students.Asfor(对于)averagestudents,iftheygetenoughmathskills,theycanalsobecomesuccessfulAIdesigners.Besides,agoodknowledgeofcomputerscienceisalsonecessaryforAIdesigning.
Scientistshopetocreatecreative(有创造力)andemotional(有感情的)AI.TheAIcanpossiblyunderstandhumanfeelingsorcreateart.Manywaysandtoolshavebeentriedtodiscoverthiswideandexcitingfield.
13.FromParagraph1,weknowthat___________.
A.allproblemscanbesolvedbycomputers
B.machineswithAIcanthinkandlearn
C.AIhasbeenaroundforonly60years
D.AIworksinthesamewayaspeople
14.Accordingtothepassage,whatcan’tAIdoatpresent?
A.Understandhumanspeech.B.Operateself-drivingcars.
C.Competeinsomegamesystems.D.Understandhumanfeelings.
15.Theunderlinedword"it"inParagraph2refersto(指的是)___________.
A.chessB.ascientistC.thedangerD.AI
16.Accordingtothepassage,ifstudentswanttobecomesuccessfulAIdesigners,theyshouldlearn___________well.
A.mathandartB.artandtechnology
C.mathandcomputerscienceD.artandcomputerscience
17.Paragraph4mainlytellsusthescientist___________aboutAI.
A.wishesB.worriesC.feelingsD.discoveries
(五)【2019•安徽省中考】
Theworldusesaboutathousandmillion(百万)tonsofwateraday.Waterisahumanrightandeveryoneshouldhavetheirshare.Yetmorethan700mi