大学英语综合教程第一单元知识点.docx
《大学英语综合教程第一单元知识点.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《大学英语综合教程第一单元知识点.docx(21页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
大学英语综合教程第一单元知识点
Unit1GrowingUp
DetailedReading
I.DifficultSentences
1.UntilthenI'dbeenboredbyeverythingassociatedwithEnglishcourses.(Para.
1)
Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?
(Uptothen,BakerhadhadnointerestinthingsrelatedtoEnglishcourses.)
2.Ihatedtheassignmentstoturnoutlong,lifelessparagraphsthatwereagony
forteacherstoreadandformetowrite.(Para.1)
Paraphrasethesentence.
(Ifounditpainfultowritelong,boringessaysasrequiredbyteachers;neither
didteachersenjoywhatIwrote.)
3.anothercheerlessyearinthatmosttediousofsubjects(Para.2)
Whatcanwelearnfromthisphrase?
(WecanknowfromthisphrasethatbeforeMr.FleaglebecameBaker'sEnglish
teacher,allEnglishcoursesweredull.)
4.IpreparedforanunfruitfulyearwithMr.Fleagleandforalongtimewasnot
disappointed.(Para.3)
Whatdoestheauthorreallymeanwhenhesays“I...wasnotdisappointed”?
(HemeansthathisexpectationwasrightthatMr.Fleagle'slessonsweredull.)
5.Itookthelisthomeanddidnothinguntilthenightbeforetheessaywasdue.
Lyingonthesofa,Ifinallyfaceduptotheunwelcometask,tookthelistout
ofmynotebook,andscannedit.(Para.3)
1)Whatcanweinferfromthesesentences?
(Bakerwasunwillingtowritehisessay.)
2)Listphrasestosupportyourinference.
(didnothinguntil…theessaywasdue;faceduptotheunwelcometask.)
6.Thistitleproducedanextraordinarysequenceofmentalimages.(Para.4)
ParaphrasethesentenceandtranslateitintoChinese.
(AtthesightofthetitleIsawanunusualseriesofpicturesinmymind'seye.
这个题目在我脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像。
)
7.VividmemoriescamefloodingbackofanightinBellevillewhenallofuswere
seatedaroundthesuppertable—UncleAllen,mymother,UncleCharlie,Doris,
UncleHal—andAuntPatservedspaghettiforsupper.(Para.4)
Analyzethestructureofthesentence.
(在这个长句中,camefloodingback是谓语,其余的都是主语。
为了使句子结构平衡,避免头重脚轻,作者运用了割裂修饰法,把谓语前移,主语中心语的修饰成分后置,使谓语紧接主语。
例如:
-Alisthasbeendrawnupofwordswehavelearnedsofar.
-Allisnotgoldthatglitters.)
8.NeitherDorisnorIhadevereatenspaghetti,andnoneoftheadultshadenough
experiencetobegoodatit.(Para.4)
WhatistherelationshipbetweenBakerandDoris?
Why?
(DoriswasBaker'ssisterorhisfemalecousin.Tworeasonsforthat:
-Dorisisafemalename;
-Theauthormentioned“noneoftheadults...”whichshowsthattheywerestill
children,notadults.)
9.IwaspreparingmyselfforacommandtoreporttoMr.Fleagleimmediatelyafter
schoolfordisciplinewhenIsawhimliftmypaperfromhisdeskandknockfor
theclass'sattention.(Para.6)
1)Paraphrasethispartofthesentence:
Iwasprepared…fordiscipline.
(IwasreadyforMr.Fleagle'sordertoseehimsoonafterschoolforthepurpose
ofpunishingme...)
2)WhydidBakerthinkhewouldbepunished?
(Becausetohismind,thistimehehadviolatedtherulesofformalcomposition.)
3)What'sthefunctionoftheword“when”inthesentence?
(Theword“when”heredoesn'tmean“atorduringthetimethat”(当…时).
Instead,itmeans“andthen”(在那时).
Moreexamples:
-Hehadjustdriftedofftosleepwhenthebellrang.
-IwasabouttoaskafterhiswifewhenIsuddenlyrememberedthattheywere
gettingadivorce.)
10.Intheeleventhgrade,attheeleventhhourasitwere,Ihaddiscoveredacalling.
(Para.9)
TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.
(就在十一年级,可谓是最后的时刻,我找到了一件今生想做的事。
)
II.Words&Expressions
offandon(oronandoff):
fromtimetotime;nowandagain;irregularly
-Ithasbeenrainingonandoffforaweek.That'swhytheclothesfeeldamp.
-Asherpatientsleptsoundlyduringthenight,NurseBettywasabletodozeoff
andoninabedsidechair.
takehold:
becomeestablished
-TheideaofonechildhastakenholdinmanyChinesefamilies.
(Oldhabitsdiehard.
老习惯是很难摆脱的。
这就是为什么你要在习惯养成前戒烟。
-
That'swhyyoushouldstopsmokingbeforethehabittakeshold.)
vt.make(sb.)feeltiredandloseinterest
bore:
-Thespeakerwentonandon,andtheaudiencegrewboredbyhisspeech.
-TomSawyergrewboredwithpaintingthegardenfence,sohethoughtofawayto
makeotherspaintforhim.
Collocation:
acrashingbore讨厌至极的人/事
afrightfulbore讨厌得要命的家伙
aninsufferablebore讨厌得令人无法忍受的人
anutterbore极惹人厌烦的事
vt.joinorconnecttogether;connectorbringinthemind
associate:
-我们总是把埃及与金字塔联系起来。
(WeoftenassociateEgyptwithpyramids.)
-Ican'tassociatethisgentleyoungwomanwiththeradicalpoliticalessaysshe
haswritten.
-Jimwishedtoforgeteverythingassociatedwithhisformerlife.
turnout:
1)comeoutorgatherasforameeting,publicevent,etc.
2)provetobe
3)shutoff
4)produce;make
Matchtheabovedefinitionswiththesentencesbelow.
-Alargegroupofprotestershaveturnedout.
(1)
-Theschoolhasturnedoutsomegreatscholars.(4)
-Turnoutthelightbeforeyougotobed.(3)
-Theplanturnedoutafailure.
(2)
-Wearetoturnout100,000,586computersnextyeartomeetthemarketrequirements.
(4)
-Theexperimentturnedouttobeasuccess.
(2)
-Crowdsturnedoutfortheprocession.
(1)
vtgerundthat-clause)
anticipate:
or.expect(usu.followedby
-Thepolicehadanticipatedtroublefromthesoccerfansandwereattheground
inlargenumbers.
-他们预测到2012年死于艾滋病的人数将增加一倍。
(Theyanticipatethatdeathsfrom
AIDSwillhavedoubledby2012.)
.该动词所接的宾语可以是动名词,不可用不定式代替。
-Weanticipaterunningintoproblemsincarryingoutthemedicalwelfarereform.
-Weanticipatehearingfromyouagain.
adj.boringandlastingforalongtime
tedious:
-Themoviewassotediousthatmanyviewersleftbeforeitwasover.
-LaurafoundGeorgetobetediousanddecidednottoseehimanymore.
vt.fill(sb.)withconfidence,eagerness,etc.
inspire:
-MartinLutherKing,Jr.'sspeechesinspiredpeopletofightforequaltreatment
ofAfricanAmericans.
-Thelastleafonthetreethatneverfelloffinspiredthedyingpatientwiththe
willtoliveon.
Collocation:
inspiresth.insb.(=inspiresb.withsth.)使某人产生某种感情;激发某人的某种感情
adjoftendisapproving)fixedinbehavior;basedoncorrectoracceptedrigid:
.(rules
-如果他从前对事情不那么严格苛刻的话,他女儿就不会这么年轻就离家出走了。
(Ifhehad
beenalittlelessrigidaboutthings,hisdaughterwouldnothavelefthomeatsuch
ayoungage.)
-Therigidheadmasterwouldbuttonuphisclothesevenonthehottestdays.
adj.
severe:
1)completelyplain
-Thewidowworeasevereblackdresstoherhusband'sfuneral.
-海明威以其朴实的写作风格而闻名于世。
(Hemingwayisknownforhisseverewriting
style.)
2)stern;strict
-Onlythosewhohaveundergoneseveretrainingcanbeacceptedintotheairforce.
-FuLeiwassoseverewithhissonthatevenhiswifewouldcry.
3)causingverygreatpain,difficulty,worry,etc.
-TheseverechestpainexperiencedbytheVice-Presidentprovedtobeaheartattack.
-工厂必须生产出更新更好的产品,才能在激烈的商业竞争形势中获胜。
(Afactorymust
turnoutnewerandbetterproductstowinintheclimateofseverebusiness
competition.)
CF:
severe,stern&strict
severe作“严厉”解时,可以用来形容人(severefather严厉的父亲),人的面貌(severe
look严厉的神色),人的态度(Theteacherisseverewithhisstudents.教师对学生很严厉。
)。
stern与severe相近,但用途比较窄,一般用于人的容貌或态度。
例如:
asternfather
和aseverefather都可以用,但含义稍有不同:
aseverefather指对于子女有严厉的要求,积极的意义较多;asternfather则指对子女不含温情,要他们服从,消极的意味较多。
strict相当于汉语的“严格的”,须先假定有一种客观的标准(如规章、纪律、定义、真理等)。
例如:
-Theteacherisstrictwithhisstudents.
-Thereisastrictregulationagainstsmokingintheauditorium.
vt.dealwithtackle:
-Toshiba(东芝)recentlydesignedarobotthatcantacklealmostanykindsof
housework.
-Thequestionsetbytheteacherwassodifficultthatthepupilsdidnotknowhow
totackleit.
faceupto:
bebraveenoughtoacceptordealwith(aproblemordifficulty)
-YeltsinfaceduptothefactthathewasnolongerfitfortheRussianpresidency
andresignedonNewYear'sEve.
-既然你女儿已经诞生了,你就要承担起做父亲的责任。
(Nowthatyourdaughterwasborn,
you'llhavetofaceuptotheresponsibilitiesofbeingafather.)
n.connectedlineofevents,ideas,etc.sequence:
-连续的歉收(badharvest)迫使一些非洲国家请求外国援助(foreignaid)。
(Asequence
ofbadharvestsforcedsomeAfricancountriestoaskforforeignaid.)
TheFalloftheRomanEmpirewaswritteninhistoricalsequence.-
CF:
sequence&series
sequence是指“先后衔接的次序”。
这种次序可以是历史性的,即事态发生时的先后次序;也可以是逻辑性的,即论点先后的衔接,相当于汉语的“语无伦次”中的“伦次”。
例如:
-Ihaveapoormemoryfordatesandoftenmixupthesequenceofevents.(我记日期的能力很差,常把事情的先后次序弄混。
)
-Yourargumentlackslogicalsequence,foryoursecondpointdoesnotfollowthe
first.(你的论据缺乏逻辑顺序,因为你的第二点与第一点衔接不上。
)
series是指“系列”、“组”,可以有先后衔接的次序,也可以没有,但一系列或一组的东西一定自成一个完整的单位。
例如:
-ProfessorLiwillgiveaseriesoflecturesontheMiddleEastissue.(李教授将就中东问题做一系列的讲座。
)
-ThepostofficehasissuedaseriesofstampscommemoratingtheOlympicGames.
(邮政局发行了一组纪念奥运会的邮票。
)
Collocation:
insequence顺次,挨次
inrapidsequence紧接着,一个接着一个
inregularsequence按次序,有条不紊
thesequenceofevents事情的先后顺序
vtnoun/gerund,or.bringbacktothemind;remember(usu.followedbyrecall:
that-clause)
-Irecognizethefacebutcan'trecallhername.
-Idon'trecallevermeetingher.
-Sherecalledthatshehadtoseethedoctoragainthatafternoon.
CF:
recall,remember&remind
这三个词都与“记忆”有关,前两个词有时可通用。
recall“想起”,把忘记的东西又想起来了,其动作包含有意识的努力,因此常与can,could
等词连用,强调一次的回忆。
例如:
-TryasImight,IcouldnotrecallwhereIhadleftthebook.(我怎么也想不起来我把书丢在哪里了。
)
-IrememberherfacebutIcannot