广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学.docx

广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学.docx

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广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学

2011年10月广东省高等教育自学考试英语语言学  问卷

        （课程代码06422）

I.Blank-filling（20%）

Fillinthefollowingblankswithaword,whoseinitialletterhasbeengiven.

1.    Thetotalityoflinguisticvarietiespossessedbyanindividualconstituteshislinguisticr_______.

2.    I________motivationreferstolearnerslearningthesecondlanguageforenjoymentorpleasurefromlearning.

3.    Thephonetictranscription,n______transcription,isnormallyusedbyphoneticianstogiveminuteanddetaileddescriptionsofspeechsounds.

4.    Thewaythatnewwordsarecoinedfromalreadyexistingwordsby“subtracting”anaffixthoughttobepartoftheoldwordiscalledb_______.

5.    Themeaningofawordcanbedissectedintomeaningcomponentscalledsemanticf_______.

6.    Inadditiontosocialchanges,oneofthemostpervasivesourcesoflanguagechangeseemstobethecontinualprocessofculturalt________acrossgenerations.

7.    P______isthestudyofsoundsusedinlinguisticcommunication.

8.    Whenthevocalcordsaredrawnwideaparttoletairgothroughwithoutvibration,thesoundsthusproducedarev_________.

9.    Thesocialgroupthatissingledoutforanyspecialstudyisnamedasthes_______community.

10.AccordingtoN.Chomsky,c________referstotheidealuser’sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguage.

11.P_____referstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.

12.Thenotionofc_______isessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.

13.Damagetopartsoftheleftcortexbehindthecentralsulcusresultsinatypeofaphasiacalledf_____aphasia.

14.Thec__________viewofmeaningisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablecontexts.

15.Lexicald________taskisakindofexperimentpsycholinguisticsemploytoinvestigatelexicalaccess.

16.Atheorywhichexplicitlyemploysthenotion“concept”isthesemantict________proposedbyOgdenandRichardsintheirbookTheMeaningofMeaning.

17.Clear[l]anddark [l]areallophonesofthesameonephoneme/l/.  Theynevertakethesamepositioninsoundcombinations,thustheyaresaidtobeinc_________distribution.

18.Sincethereareoftenintermediateformsbetweenthetwomembersofanantonymouspair,sotheyarecalledg________antonyms.

19.S_______isconcernedwiththeinherentmeaningofthelinguisticform.

20.A t_______experimentisatechniquethatisusedtostudythedeterminantsofsentenceprocessingdifficulty.

II.Multiplechoice（15%）

Choosethebestanswertothefollowingitems.

21.   Changesinalanguagearechangesinthegrammarofthespeakersofthelanguage.Thismeansthatphonemes,_______,wordsandgrammaticalrulesmaybeborrowed,added,lostoraltered.

A.phrases   B.sentences    C.morphemes   D.utterance 

22.Theconsonant[f]inEnglishcanbecorrectlydescribedashavingthefollowingphoneticfeatures:

A.voiceless,bilabial,stop       B.voiceless,labiodental,fricative

C.voiced,bilabial,stop         D.voiced,labiodental,fricative

23.Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled______.

A.universallinguistics         B.commonlinguistics 

C.prescriptivelinguistics        D.generallinguistics   

24.Inthephrasestructure  rule“S→NPVP”，thearrowcanbereadas_______.

A.isequalto       B.consistsof     C.has      D.generates

25.Theillocutionarypointof_____istoexpressthepsychologicalstatespecifiedintheutterance.

A.representatives   B. commissives   C.expressives   Ddeclarations 

26.TransformationalGenerativeGrammarwasintroducedby_____in1957.

A.L.Bloomfield     B.F.Saussure      C.N.Chomsky    D.M.A.F.Halliday

27._____motivationoccurswhenthelearnerdesirestolearnasecondlanguagebecauseofthewishtoidentifywiththetargetculture.

A.Instrumental      B.Functional       C.Integrative     D.Social

28.Whiledifferentwordsmayhavethesameorsimilarmeaning,thesamewordmayhavemorethanonemeaning.Thiskindofwordsarecalled_________.

A.polysemicwords   B.homographs   C.homonyms       D.synonyms

29.Theterm_____linguisticsmaybedefinedasawayofreferringtotheapproachwhichstudieslanguagechangesovervariousperiodsoftimeandatvarioushistoricalstages.

A.synchronic     B.diachronic       C.comparative      D.historicalcomparative

30.SpeechacttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopher____inthelate50’softhe20thcentury.

  A.M.A.F.Halliday  B.L.Bloomfield   C.J.Searle     D.J.Austin

31.Ifthelinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesforcorrectandstandardbehaviorinusinglanguage,itissaidtobe_______.

A.descriptive     B.prescriptive     C.synchronic       D.diachronic

32.Inthecaseofspit,theconsonant[p]issaidtobe_____.

A.aspirated      B.voiced         C.unaspirated      D.unprounceable    

33.Whattheelement“-es”indicatesisthirdpersonsingular,presenttense,theelement“-ed”pasttense,and  “-ing”progressiveaspect.Sincetheyarethesmallestunitsoflanguageandmeaningful,theyarealso_______.

A.phonemes      B.phones       C.allophones      D.morphemes

34.Synoymousareclassifiedintoseveralkinds.Thiskindtowhich‘girl’and  ‘lass’belongiscalled___synonyms.

A.stylistic    B.dialectal  C.emotive   D.collocational

35.InaspeechcommunityPeoplehavesomethingincommon_____:

alanguageoraparticularvarietyoflanguageandrulesforusingit..

A.socially    B.linguistically    C.culturally    D.pragmatically

III.Trueoffalsejudgement （20%）

36.   Theinteractionistviewholdsthatlanguagedevelopsasaresultofthecomplexinterplaybetweenthehumancharacteristicsofthechildandtheenvironmentinwhichthechilddevelops.

37.   Acreoleissaidtobeformedwhenapidginhasbecometheprimarylanguageofaspeechcommunity,andisacquiredbythechildrenofthatspeechcommunityastheirnativelanguage.

38.   Gardenpathsentenceisanawkwardsentencethatmisleadsthespeakersandtakesthemdownthegardenpathtoawrongdirection.

39.   Aphonemeisthesmallest linguistic unitofsoundthatcandistinguishtwowords.

40.   Registerreferstothetypeofutterancewhichisselectedasappropriatetothetypeoftypology .

41.   Phonologystudiesthefunctioningofthespeechsounds.

42.   PredicationanalysiswasproposedbytheBritishlinguistJ.Searletoanalyzethemeaningofutterance.

43.   Specifiershavebothspecialsemanticandsyntacticrolessincethey helpmakemoreprecisethemeaningoftheheadandmarkaphraseboundary.

44.   Differentlanguageofferpeopledifferentwaysofexpressingtheworldaround,theythinkandspeakdifferently,thisisalsoknownaslinguisticrelativity.

45.   Metacognitivestrategies dealwiththewaysidelearnersinteractorcommunicatewithotherspeakers,nativeornon-native.

 IV.Explainthefollowingnotionsbriefly（25%）

46.    derivationalmorpheme

47.    IPA（InternationalPhoneticAlphabet）

 48.    culturaltransmission

 49.    DeepStructurevs.SurfaceStructure

 50.    Thenamingtheory V.Essayquestion（20%）51.    AccordingtoAustin,whatarethethreeactsapersonispossiblyperformingwhilemakinganutterance?

Giveanexample.

1.repertoire    2.Intrinsic      3.narrow    4.back-formation    5.features6.transmission   7.Phonology    8.voiceless    9.speech     petence11.Parole       12.context       13.  fluent      14.contextualist    15.dicision

16.triangle      plementary    18.gradable   19.Sense   

 20.timed-reading

21.C  22.B  23.D    24.B  25.C    26.C   27.C  28.A   29.B    30.C

31.B  32.C   33.D    34.B   35.B  

36.T 37.T  38.F  39.T  40.F  41.T   42.F  43.T 44.T   45.F

46. Morphemes that change the meaning or lexical category of the words to which they attach. 47. It is a standardized and internationally accepted system  of phonetic transcription.  

48.  While human capacity for language has a genetic basis, i.e., we were all born with the ability to acquire language, the details of any language system are not genetically transmitted, but instead have to be taught and learned.  

Language is passed on from one generation to the next through teaching and learning, rather than by instinct 49. The first, formed by the XP rule in a accordance with the head's subcategorization properties ,is called deep stmcture. 

The  second, corresponding to the final syntactic form of the sentence which results from appropriate transformations, is called surface structure 

50. One of the oldest notions concerning meaning, and also a very primitive one, was the naming theory proposed by the ancient Greek scholar Plato. The words used in a language are taken to be labels of the objects they stand for.  

51. locutionary act ------the act of uttering words, phrases, clauses. It‟s an act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon, and phonology. Namely .,the act of saying something :

the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense and reference.（言内行为指的是用句子来叙述，报告，描写。

言内行为指话语过程本身，诸如：

句法，词汇与发言等。

） 

        illocutionary act -----the act of expressing the speaker‟s intention; it is the act performed in saying something ;its force is identical with the speaker‟s intention. The making of a statement, offer promise, etc, in uttering a sentence, by virtue of the conventional force associated with it. the act of using a sentence to perform a function such as command, request, etc（言外行为是指说话过程中通过话语的一些约定俗成的关联力量进行陈述，承诺等。

说话带有目的性。

） 

       perlocutionary act --- the act performed by or resulting from saying something, it‟s the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act perfomed  by saying something, the bringing about of effects on the audience by means of uttering the sentence, such