山东省成人学士学位考试试题.docx
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山东省成人学士学位考试试题
PartIReadingComprehension(35minutes,40points)
Directions:
Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Afteryoureadapassage,youshoulddeicideonthebestchoiceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.
Passage1Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asarule,tohaveitretoldinalmostthesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesasformaltexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualsituationofthetimeandthechild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.
Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimormakinghimsadthinking.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenstoryforcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,somecasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystory.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.Familiaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedandmastered.
Therearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,two-headeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.donotexist;andthat,insteadofbeingfondofthestrangesideinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughttolearntherealitybystudyinghistory.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustsaytopeculiar(奇怪的)thatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonastickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinthebeliefthatitwastheirbelovedgirl-friend.
Nofairystoryeverdeclaredtobeadescriptionoftherealworldandnocleverchildhaseverbelievedthatitwas.
1.Theauthorconsiderthatafairystoryismoreeffectivewhenitis____.
A.repeatedwithoutanychangeB.treatedasajoke
C.madesomechangesbytheparentD.setinthepresent
2.Accordingtothepassage,greatfearcantakeplaceinachildwhenthestoryis____.
A.inarealisticsettingB.heardforthefirsttime
C.repeatedtoooftenD.toldinadifferentway
3.Theadvantageclaimedforrepeatingfairystoriestoyoungchildrenisthatit____.
A.makesthemlessfearful
B.developstheirpowerofmemory
C.makesthembelievethereisnothingtobeafraidof
D.encouragesthemnottohavestrangebeliefs
4.Theauthor’smentionofsticksandtelephonesismeanttosuggestthat____.
A.fairystoriesarestillbeingmadeup
B.thereissomemisunderstandingaboutfairytales
C.peopletrytomodernizeoldfairystories
D.thereismoreconcernforchildren’sfearsnowadays
5.Oneofthereasonswhysomepeoplearenotinfavoroffairytalesisthat____.
A.theyarefullofimagination
B.theyarejustinventedstorieswhicharefarfromthetruth
C.theyarenotinteresting
D.theymaketeachersofhistorydifficulttoteach
Passage2Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
“IfthereisonethingI’msureabout,itisthatinahundredyearsfromnowwewillstillbereadingnewspapers.Itisnotthatnewspapersareanecessity.Evennowsomepeoplegetmostoftheirnewsfromtelevisionorradio.ManybuyapaperonlyonSaturdayorSunday.Butformostpeoplereadinganewspaperhasbecomeahabitpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.
Thenatureofwhatisnewsmaychange.Whatbasicallymakesnewsiswhatnewsiswhataffectsourlivers---thebigpoliticalstories,thecoverageofthewars,earthquakesandotherdisasters,willcontinuemuchthesame.Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificresearch,though.It’salreadyhappeninginareasthatmaydirectlyaffectourlives,likegeneticengineering.Inthefuture,Ithinktherewillbemorecoverageofscientificexplanationsofwhywefeelaswedo---aswedevelopabetterunderstandingofhowthebrainoperatesandwhatourfeelingreallyare.
It’squitepossiblethatinthenextcenturynewspaperswillbetransmitted(传送)electronicallyfromFleetStreetandprintedoutinourownhome.Infact,I’mprettysurethathowitwillhappeninthefuture.Youwillprobablybeabletochoosefromamenu,makingupyouownnewspaperbypickingoutthethingsyouwanttoread---sportsandinternationalnew,etc.
Ithinkpeoplehavegotitwrongwhentheytalkaboutcompetitionbetweenthedifferentmedia.Theyactuallyfeedoffeachother.Somepeopleonceforesawthattelevisionwouldkilloffnewspapers,butthathasn’thappened.Whatisreadontheprintedpagelastslongerthanpicturesonascreenorsoundlostintheair.Andasfortheinternet,it’sneverreallypleasanttoreadsomethingjustonascreen.
6.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A.TheBestWaytoGetNewsB.TheChangesofMedia
C.MakeYourOwnNewspaper
D.TheFutureofNewspaper
7.Inthewriter’sopinion,inthefuture,____.
A.morebigpoliticalaffairs,warsanddisasterswillmakenews
B.newspaperswillnotbeprintedinpublishinghousesanylonger
C.newspaperswillcovermorescientificresearch
D.moreandmorepeoplewillwatchTV
8.Whatwillprobablybeoninthenewspapermadebyyourself?
A.Sportsandinternationalnews.B.Amenuofimportantnews.
C.Themostimportantnews.D.Whatyouareinterestedin.
9.Fromthepassage,wecaninfer____.
A.newspaperswillwinthecompetitionamongthedifferentmedia
B.newspaperswillstaywithustogetherwithothermedia
C.televisionwilltaketheplaceofnewspaper
D.thewriterbelievesomemediawilldieout
10.Theunderlinedphrase“feedoff”inthelastparagraphmeans____.
A.dependonB.competewithC.fightwithD.killoff
Passage3Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Believeornot,opticalillusion(错觉)cancuthighwaycrashes.Japanisacaseinpoint.Ithasreducedautomobilecrashestosomeroadsbynearly75percentusingasingleopticalillusion.Butstripes,calledchevrons(人字形),paintedontheroadsmakedriversthinkthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyare,andthusdriversslowdown.
NowtheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyinWashingtonD.C.isplanningtorepeatJapan’ssuccess.Startingnextyear,thefoundationwillpaintchevronsandotherpatternsofstripesonselectedroadsaroundthecountrytotesthowwellthepatternsreducehighwaycrashes.Excessive(toogreat)speedplaysamajorroleinasmuchasonefifthofallfataltrafficaccidents,accordingtothefoundation.Tohelpreducethoseaccidents,thefoundationwillconductitstestsinareaswherespeed-relatedhazards(danger)arethegreatestcurves,exitslopes,trafficcircles,andbridges.
Somestudiessuggestthatstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroadscaninitiallycuttheaveragespeedofdriversinhalf.However,trafficoftenreturnstofullspeedwithinmonthsasdriversbecomeusedtoseeingthepaintedbars.Chevrons,scientistssay,notonlygivedriverstheimpressionthattheyaredrivingfasterthantheyreallyarebutalsomakealaneappeartobenarrower.Theresultisalongerlastingreductioninhighwayspeedandthenumberoftrafficaccidents.
11.Thepassagemainlydiscusses____.
A.anewwayofhighwayspeedcontrol
B.anewpatternforpaintinghighways
C.anewwayoftrainingdrivers
D.anewtypeofopticalillusion
12.Onroadspaintedwithchevrons,driverstendtofeelthat____.
A.theyshouldavoidspeed-relatedhazards
B.theyaredrivinginthewronglane
C.theyshouldslowdowntheirspeed
D.theyarecomingneartothespeedlimit
13.Theadvantageofchevronsoverstraight,horizontalbarsisthattheformer____.
A.cankeepdriversawake
B.cancutroadaccidentsinhalf
C.willlookmoreattractive
D.willhavealongereffectondrivers
14.TheAmericanAutomobileAssociationFoundationforTrafficSafetyplansto____.
A.tryouttheJapanesemethodincertainareas
B.changetheroadsignsacrossthecountry
C.replacestraight,horizontalbarswithchevrons
D.repeattheJapaneseroadpatterns
15.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutstraight,horizontalbarspaintedacrossroads?
A.Theyaresuitableonlyonbroadroads.
B.TheyarefallingoutofuseintheUnitedStates.
C.Theyareignoredinalongperiodoftime.
D.Theycannotbeusedsuccessfullytotrafficcircles.
Passage4Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
DeathValleyisoneofthemostfamousdesertsintheUnitedStates,coveringawideareawithitsalkalisand.Almost20percentofthisareaiswellbelowsealevel,andBadwater,asaltwaterpool,isabout280feetbelowsealevelandthelowestpointintheUnitedStates.
LongagothePanamintIndianscalledthisplace“Tomesha”---thelandoffire.DeathValley’spresentnamedatesbackto1849,whenagroupofminerscomingacrossfromNevadabecamelostinitsunpleasantnessandhugeness,andtheiradventureturnedouttobeasadstory.TodayDeathValleyhasbeendeclaredaNationalMonumentandiscrossedbyseveralwell-markedroadswheregoodservicescanbefoundeasily.Luckilythechangecreatedbyhumansettlementhashardlyruinedthespecialbeautyofthisplace.
Herenaturecreatedalotofsurprising,almostlikethesightsonthemoon,ever-changingasthefrequentwindmovesthesandabout,showingthemostunusualcolors.OneofthemostastonishingandvariablepartsofDeath