甘肃省天水市兰州市届高三一模考试英语试题含答案.docx

甘肃省天水市兰州市届高三一模考试英语试题含答案.docx

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甘肃省天水市兰州市届高三一模考试英语试题含答案

第I卷

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

TylerwasborninfectedwithHIVandhismotherwasalsoinfected.Fromtheverybeginningofhislife,hewasdependentonmedications（药物）toenablehimtosurvive.Whenhewasfive,hehadatubesurgically（外科手术上）insertedinavein（静脉）inhischest.Thistubewasconnectedtoapump,whichhecarriedinasmallbackpackonhisback.Medicationswereconnectedtothispumpandwerecontinuouslysuppliedthroughthistubetohisbloodstream.Attimes,healsoneededsupplementedoxygentosupporthisbreathing.

Tylerwasn'twillingtogiveuponesinglemomentofhischildhoodtothisdeadlydisease.Itwasnotunusualtofindhimplayingandracingaroundhisbackyard,wearinghisbackpackanddragginghistankofoxygenbehindhiminhislittlewagon（小推车）.AllofuswhoknewTylerwereamazedathispurejoyinbeingaliveandtheenergyitgavehim.Tyler'smomoftenmadejokesonhimbytellinghimthathemovedsofastsheneededtodresshiminred.Thatway,whenshepeeredthroughthewindowtocheckonhimplayingintheyard,shecouldquicklyspothim.

Thisterriblediseaseeventuallyworehimdown.Hegrewquiteilland,unfortunately,sodidhisHIV-infectedmother.Whenitbecameclearthathewasn'tgoingtosurvive,Tyler'smomtalkedtohimaboutdeath.ShecomfortedhimbytellingTylerthatshewasdyingtoo,andthatshewouldbewithhimsooninheaven.

Afewdaysbeforehisdeath,Tylerbeckoned（召唤）meovertohishospitalbedandwhispered,"Imightdiesoon.I'mnotscared.WhenIdie,pleasedressmeinred.Mompromisedshe'scomingtoheaven,too.I'llbeplayingwhenshegetsthere,andIwanttomakesureshecanfindme."

1.WhydidTylerwearabackpackonhisbackwhenhewasyoung?

A.Becausehismothergaveittohimasagift.

B.Becausehehadnorighttochoosebuttowearit.

C.Becausehewantedtobedifferentfromtheotherkids.

D.Becausetherewasapumpinit,whichcouldhelpwithhisdisease.

2.Tyleraskedthewritertodresshiminredwhenhediedinorderto.

A.showredishisfavoritecolor.B.seethewriteragaininthehospital.

C.makehismotherrecognizehimeasily.D.persuadehismothertokeepherpromise.

3.What’sTyler’sattitudetowardsdeath?

A.Excited.B.Fearful.C.Doubtful.D.Optimistic.

4.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusbywritingthispassage?

A.Evenachildcanteachusalot.

B.Patientsshouldbetreatedwithrespect.

C.Peopleshouldhavegreatcouragetofacetheproblems.

D.WeshouldtryourbesttohelpthosewhoareinfectedwithHIV.

B

Wecanachieveknowledgeeitheractivelyorpassively.Weachieveitactivelybydirectexperience,bytestingandprovinganidea,orbyreasoning.

Weachieveknowledgepassivelybybeingtoldbysomeoneelse.MostofthelearningthattakesplaceintheclassroomandthekindthathappenswhenwewatchTVorreadnewspapersormagazinesispassive.Conditionedaswearetopassivelearning,it’snotsurprisingthatwedependonitinoureverydaycommunicationwithfriendsandco–workers.

Unfortunately,passivelearninghasaseriousproblem.Itmakesustendtoacceptwhatwearetoldevenwhenitislittlemorethanhearsay（传闻）andrumor.

DidyoueverplaythegameRumor?

Itbeginswhenonepersonwritesdownamessagebutdoesn’tshowittoanyone.Thenthepersonwhispersit,wordforword,toanotherperson.Thatperson,inturn,whispersittostillanother,andsoon,throughallthepeopleplayingthegame.Thelastpersonwritesdownthemessagewordforwordasheorshehearsit.Thenthetwowrittenstatementsarecompared.Typically,theoriginalmessagehaschanged.

That’swhathappensindailylife.Thesimplefactthatpeoplerepeatastoryintheirownwordschangesthestory.Then,too,mostpeoplelistenimperfectly.Andmanyenjoyaddingtheirowncreativetouchtoastory,tryingtoimproveonit,stampingitwiththeirownpersonalstyle.Yetthosewhohearitthinktheyknow.

Thisprocessisalsofoundamongscholarsandauthors:

Astatementofopinionbyonewritermayberestatedasfactbyanother,whomayinturnbequotedbyyetanother;andthisprocessmaycontinue,unlessitoccurstosomeonetoquestionthefactsonwhichtheoriginalwriterbasedhisopinionortochallengetheinterpretationheplaceduponthosefacts.

5.Accordingtothepassage,activelearningmayoccurin.

A.readingscientificjournalsB.listeningtotheteacherinclass

C.doingachemicalexperimentD.watchingnewsprogrammesonTV

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?

A.classroomB.newspapersC.activelearningD.passivelearning

7.ThegameRumorismentionedinParagraph4inordertotellreadersthat.

A.playinggamescanmakepeoplemoreactiveB.peopletendtoliketellinglieswhenplayinggames

C.amessagemaybechangedwhenbeingpassedonD.peoplemayhaveproblemswiththeirsenseofhearing

8.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.Scholarsandauthorscan’tbetrusted.B.Passivelearningmaynotbereliable.

C.Peoplelikespreadingrumorsindailylife.D.ActivelearningismoreImportantthanpassivelearning.

C

Fourgreatrailwayjourneys

Travellingbyrailholdsaromanticandold-fashionedappealthatcan’tbematchedbyflyingordriving.Bytakingtheslowroute,yougettoexperienceandinteractwithanareainacompletelydifferentway.

TheRockyMountaineer

Where:

Canada,fromVancouvertoBanff,JasperandCalgary.

When:

InJune,whichisspringtimeintheRockies,completewithbloomingflowersandabundantwildlife.

Duration:

betweentwoandeightdays,travellingonlyindaylight,stayinginluxuryhotels.

Highlights:

SplendidviewsofRockymountains,incredibleluxuryateverystageofthetrip,traditionalnativestorytelling,wineclassesandnaturalhistoryworkshop.

TheChepe

Where:

Mexico.ItbeginsitsjourneyinthemountainsofChihuahuaandfinishesontheSinaloacoast.

When:

Intherainyseason,fromJunetoOctober,you’llgetlushvegetation（丰富的植被）andbloomingcacti（仙人掌）,althoughmid-summer（July）temperaturescanreach44°C.

Duration:

Doingtheroutestraightthroughtakes14hours,butyou’llwanttostopoffovernightandexploretraditionaltownsalongtheway.

Highlights:

Thetrainwindsitswaydownthrough656kmofthespectacularCopperCanyon（whichisdeeperthantheGrandCanyon）,over37precarious-lookingbridgesandthrough86tunnels.Localpeoplesellcraftsandfoodsalongtheroute.

TheGhan

Where:

Australia,fromAdelaidetoDarwinviaAliceSprings.

When:

Goingduringthewetseason（December,January）willallowyoutoseemorewildlifeandtropicalsplendourinthenorth,thoughpeakseasonisusuallythewinter.

Duration:

Goingstraightthroughtakes52hours.Therearedisembarkationpoints（登陆点）fromwhichyoucantaketours.

Highlights:

GoingthroughAustralia’sRedCentrewithcobalt-blueskies,redearthandnotmuchelse–abeautifulandserene（宁静的）experience.

TheRoyalScotsman

Where:

TravelsaroundtheScottishHighlandsorallthewayaroundGreatBritain.

When:

Warmerweatherandupto20hoursofdaylightinJunemakesittheperfecttimetowatchospreyssoaring（鱼鹰飞翔）overmirror-likelochs（湖）,orgoinOctoberforautumncoloursandtherathervocalstag-ruttingseason.

Duration:

Tripscanbeasshortastwodaysoraslongasseven.Highlights:

Possiblythemostexpensivetrainjourneyintheworld.You’llbetreatedlikeamemberofthemonarchy（皇室）.Indulgent（放纵的）cuisine,finewinesandcarriagesthatlooklikeroomsatBalmoralCastleawaitthosewillingtopartwithaminimumof£2350perpersonforatwo-nighttrip.

9.Whichoneofthefollowingjourneyhastheshortestduration?

A.TheChepe.B.TheGhan.

C.TheRockymountaineer.D.TheRoyalscotsman.

10.Visitorsmayhavetheopportunitytotrysomewinein.

A.TheRoyalscotsmanandTheChepeB.TheRoyalscotsmanandTheGhan

C.TheRockymountaineerandTheChepeD.TheRockymountaineerandTheRoyalScotsman

11.IfaChinesefamilywantstohaveatravelduringtheSpringFestival,whichonewouldbesuitableforthem?

A.TheChepe.B.TheGhan.C.TheRockymountaineer.D.TheRoyalscotsman.

D

Mostepisodesofabsent-minded-forgettingwhereyouleftsomethingorwonderingwhyyoujustenteredaroom-arecausedbyasimplelackofattention,saysSchacter.“You’resupposedtoremembersomething,butyouhaven’tencodeditdeeply.”

Encoding,Schacterexplains,isaspecialwayofpayingattentiontoaneventthathasamajorimpactonrecallingitlater.Failuretoencodeproperlycancreateannoyingsituation.Ifyouputyourmobilephoneinapocket,forexample,anddon’tpayattentiontowhatyoudidbecauseyou’reinvolvedinaconversation,you’llprobablyforgetthatthephoneisinthejacketnowhanginginyourwardrobe（衣柜）.“Yourmemoryitselfisn’tfailingyou,”saysSchacter,“Rather,youdidn’tgiveyourmemorysystemtheinformationitneeded.”

Lackofinterestcanalsoleadtoabsent-mindedness.“Amanwhorecitesportsstatisticsfrom30yearsago,”saysZelinski,“maynotremembertodropaletterinthemailbox.”Womenhaveslightlybettermemoriesthanmen,possiblybecausetheyaremoreinterestedinwhat’shappeningaroundthem,andmemoryreliesonjustthat.

Visualcues（提示）canhelppreventabsent-mindedness,saysSchacter.“Butbesurethecueisclearandavailable,”hecautions.Ifyouwanttoremembertotakeamedicationwithlunch,putthebillbottleonthekitchentable-don’tleaveitinthemedicinechestandwriteyourselfanotethatyoukeepinapocket.

Anothercommonepisodeofabsent-mindedness:

walkingintoaroomandwonderingwhyyou’rethere.Mostlikely,youwerethinkingaboutsomethingelse.“Everyonedoesthisfromtimetotime,”saysZelinski.Thebestthingtodois