英美文化与国家概况教案.docx

英美文化与国家概况教案.docx

《英美文化与国家概况教案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英美文化与国家概况教案.docx（41页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

英美文化与国家概况教案

《英美文化与国家概况》教案

PartITheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland

Chapter1GeographyandPeople

一、教学目标与要求

1.掌握英国的名称，地理位置及组成部分。

2.熟悉各组成部分的概况。

3.了解英国的山脉、河流、湖泊、气候。

二、基本概念和知识点

I.DifferentNamesforBritainanditsParts

1.Geographicalnames:

theBritishIsles,GreatBritainandEngland.

2.Officialname:

theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.

3.TheBritishIslesaremadeupoftwolargeislands-GreatBritain（the

largerone）andIreland,andhundredsofsmallones.

4.ThreepoliticaldivisionsontheislandofGreatBritain:

England,ScotlandandWales.

（1）EnglandisinthesouthernpartofGreatBritain.Itisthelargest,

mostpopuloussection.

（2）ScotlandisinthenorthofGreatBritain.Ithasthreenaturalzones

（theHighlandsinthenorth;theCentrallowlands;thesouthUplands）

Capital:

Edinburgh

（3）WalesisinthewestofGreatBritain.Capital:

Cardiff

（4）NorthernIrelandisthefourthregionoftheUK.Capital:

Belfast.

5.TheCommonwealth（ofnations）isafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Itwasfoundedin1931,andhas50membercountriesuntil1991.

II.GeographicalFeatures

1.GeographicalpositionofBritain:

Britainisanislandcountrysurroundedbythesea.ItliesintheNorthAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.ItisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.

2.ThenorthandwestofBritainaremainlyhighlands;andtheeastandsoutheastaremostlylowlands.

III.RiversandLakes

BenNevisisthehighestmountaininBritain（1,343m）.

SevernRiveristhelongestriverinBritain（338km）.

ThamesRiveristhesecondlongestandmostimportantriverinBritain.（336km）.

LoughNeaghisthelargestlakeinBritainwhichislocatedinNorthernIreland.（396squarekilometres）.

RiverClydeisthemostimportantriverinScotland.

SnowdoniaisthehighestmountaininWales.（1,085m）

IV.Climate

1.Britain'sfavorableclimate

Britainhasamaritimeclimate-wintersarenottoocoldandsummersarenottoohot.Ithasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.Thetemperaturevarieswithinasmallrange.

2.ThefactorsinfluencetheclimateinBritain:

（1）Thesurroundingwaterstendtobalancetheseasonaldifferencesbyheatingupthelandinwinterandcoolingitoffinsummer;

（2）Theprevailingsouth-westwindsortheWesterliesblowoverthecountryalltheyearroundbringingwarmandwetairinwinterandkeepingthetemperaturesmoderate;

（3）TheNorthAtlanticDriftpassesthewesterncoastoftheBritishIslesandwarmsthem.

3.Rainfall

Britainhasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.TheaverageannualrainfallinBritainisover1,000mm.Thereisawatersurplusinthenorthandwest,andawaterdeficitinthesouthandeast.

三、教学方法与手段

课堂讲解、分组讨论。

Chapter2EnglishHistory

一、教学目标与要求

1.了解英国的起源。

2.掌握英国从封建社会向现代社会转变的过程。

3.熟悉大英帝国的兴衰史。

二、基本概念和知识点

OriginsofaNation（5000BC-1066）

I.EarlySettlers（5000BC-55BC）

1.ThefirstknownsettlersofBritainweretheIberians.

2.Atabout2000BCtheBeakerFolkarrivedfromtheareasnowknowasHollandandRhineland.

3.TheCeltsbegantoarriveBritainabout700BC.

4．TheCeltscametoBritaininthreemainwaves.

ThefirstwavewastheGaels-cameabout600BC.

ThesecondwavewastheBrythons-cameabout400BC.

ThethirdwavewastheBelgae-cameabout150BC.

II.RomanBritain（55BC-410AD）

1.BritishrecordedhistorybeginswiththeRomaninvasion.In55BCand54BC,JuliusCaesar,aRomangeneral,invadedBritaintwice.InAD43,theEmperorClaudiusinvadedBritainsuccessfully.Fornearly400years,BritainwasundertheRomanoccupation,thoughitwasneveratotaloccupation.

2.Roman’sinfluenceonBritain.

TheRomanbuiltmanytowns,road,baths,templesandbuildings.TheymakegooduseofBritain’snaturalresources.Theyalsobroughtthenewreligion,Christianity,toBritain.

3.ReasonsforlimitedRomaninfluenceonBritain.

First,theRomansalwaystreatedtheBritonsasasubjectpeopleofslaveclass.Second,neverduringthe4centuriesdidtheRomansandBritonsintermarry.Third,theRomanshadnoimpactonthelanguageorcultureofordinaryBritons.

III.TheAnglo-Saxons（446-871）

1.BasisofModernEnglishrace:

theAnglo-Saxons.

Inthemid-5thcenturyanewwaveofinvaders,Jutes,Saxons,andAnglescametoBritain.TheywerethreeTeutonictribes.TheJutes,whofishedandfarmedinJutland,cametoBritainfirst.AJutishchiefbecametheKingofKentin449.ThentheSaxons,usersoftheshort-swordfromnorthernGermany,establishedtheirkingdominEssex,SussexandWessexfromtheendofthe5thcenturytothebeginningofthe6thcentury.Inthesecondhalfofthe6thcentury,theAngles,whoalsocamefromnorthernGermanyandweretogivetheirnametotheEnglishpeople,settledinEastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbria.ThesesevenprincipalkingdomsofKent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,EastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbriahavebeengiventhenameofHeptarchy.

2.TheearlyAnglo-SaxonsconvertedtoChristianity.

3.TheEarlyAnglo-SaxonsmakethecontributionstotheEnglishstate.

TheAnglo-SaxonslaidthefoundationsoftheEnglishstate.Firstly,theydividedthecountryintoshires,withshirecourtsandshirereeves,orsheriffs,responsibleforadministeringlaw.Secondly,theydevisedthenarrow-strip,three-fieldfarmingsystemwhichcontinuedtothe18thcentury.Thirdly,theyalsoestablishedthemanorialsystem.Finally,theycreatedtheWitan（councilormeetingofthewisemen）toadvisetheking,thebasisofthePrivyCouncilwhichstillexiststoday.

IV．VikingandDanishinvasions

1.TheinvadersweretheNorwegiansandtheDanes.TheyattackedvariouspartsofEnglandfromtheendofthe8thcentury.Theybecameaseriousprobleminthe9thcentury,especiallybetween835and878.TheyevenmanagedtocaptureYork,animportantcenterofChristianityin867.Bythemiddleof9thcentury,theVikingandtheDaneswereposingathreattotheSaxonkingdomofWessex.

2.KingAlfred（849-899）andhiscontributions

AlfredwasakingofWessex.HedefeatedtheDanesandreachedafriendlyagreementwiththemin879.TheDanesgainedcontrolofthenorthandeast,whileheruledtherest.HealsoconvertedsomeleadingDanesintoChristians.Hefoundedastrongfleetandisknownas“thefatheroftheBritishnavy”.HereorganizedtheSaxonarmy,makingitmoreefficient.HetranslatedaLatinbookintoEnglish.Healsoestablishedschoolsandformulatedalegalsystem.Allthisearnshimthetitle“AlfredtheGreat.”

V．TheNormanConquest（1066）

1.ReasonsforWilliam’sinvasionofEnglandafterEdward’sdeath.

ItwassaidthatKingEdwardhadpromisedtheEnglishthronetoWilliam,buttheWitanchoseHaroldasking.SoWilliamledhisarmytoinvadeEngland.InOctober1066,duringtheimportantbattleofHastings,WilliamdefeatedHaroldandkilledhim.OneChristmasDay,WilliamwascrownedkingofEngland,thusbeginningtheNormanConquestofEngland.

2．TheNormanConquestanditsconsequences

TheNormanConquestof1066isperhapsthebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.WilliamtheConquerorconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.RelationswiththeContinentwereopened,andthecivilizationandcommercewereextended.Norman-Frenchculture,language,mannersandarchitecturewereintroduced.TheChurchwasbroughtintocloserconnectionwithRome,andthechurchcourtswereseparatedfromthecivilcourts.

3.England’sfeudalismundertheruleofWilliam

①UnderWilliam,thefeudalsysteminEnglandwascompletelyestablished.②Accordingtothissystem,theKingownedallthelandpersonally.③WilliamgavehisbaronslargeestatesinEnglandinreturnforapromiseofmilitaryserviceandaproportionoftheland’sproduce.④Theseestateswerescatteredfarandwideoverthecountry,sothatthosewhoheldthemcouldnoteasilycombinetorebeltheking.⑤Thebarons,whohadbecomeWilliam’stenants-in-chief,parceledoutlandtothelessernobles,knightsandfreemen,alsoinreturnforgoodsandservices.⑥Atthebottomofthefeudalscalewerethevilleinsorserfs.⑦OnepeculiarfeatureofthefeudalsystemofEnglandwasthatalllandownersmusttaketheoathofallegiance，notonlytotheirimmediatelord,butalsototheking.

4.TheEnglishisamixtureofnationalitiesofdifferentorigins.TheancestorsofmanyEnglishpeopleweretheancientAnglesandSaxons.SomeEnglishpeopleareoftheNorman-Frenchorigin.

TransitionfromFeudalSocietytotheModernAge（1066-1688）

I.ContentsandthesignificanceoftheGreatCharter

GreatCharterwassignedbyKingJohnin1215underthepressofthebarons.Itconsistsofsixty-threeclauses.Itsimportantprovisionsareasfollows:

（1）notaxshouldbemadewithouttheapprovaloftheGrandCouncil;

（2）nofreemenshouldbearrested,imprisonedordeprivedoftheirproperty;（3）theChurchshouldpossessallitsrights,togetherwithfreedomofelections;（4）Londonandothertownsshouldretaintheirtraditionalrightsandprivileges,and（5）thereshouldbethesameweightsandmeasuresthroughoutthecountry.AlthoughTheGreatCharterhaslongbeenpopularlyregardedasthefoundationofEnglishliberties,itwasastatementofthefeudalandlegalrelationshipsbetweentheCrownandthebarons,aguaranteeofthefreedomoftheChurchandalimitationofthepowersoftheking.ThespiritoftheGreatCharterwasthelimitationoft