版高考英语北师大版新探究大一轮复习练习Unit 12 知能演练 轻松闯关 含答案解析.docx

版高考英语北师大版新探究大一轮复习练习Unit 12 知能演练 轻松闯关 含答案解析.docx

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版高考英语北师大版新探究大一轮复习练习Unit12知能演练轻松闯关含答案解析

课时练1　阅读理解提速练

[学生用书P288（单独成册）]

阅读理解

A

（2019·广州普通高中毕业班综合测试一）It’snosecretthatyourpersonalcharacteristicsdirectlyaffecthowyouinteractwiththeworld—butyoumightbesurprisedatjusthowdeepitgoes.Expertsthinkthatyourpersonalitycanevenaffecthowyouexerciseandinfluencewhatsportsaresuitableforyou.

HighlySensitive

“Highlysensitivepeoplemaybemoreuncomfortablewithgroupexerciseclassesorteamsportswheretheyfeeltheireverymoveisbeingobserved.Additionally,theymayfeelmoreupsetaboutanineffectiveorapoorworkout，”saysresearcherElaineAron.

Forsuchpeople,individualornoncompetitiveactivitieslikebiking,runningandhikingareideal.

TypeAPersonality

TypeAindividualsoftenhavean“allornothingapproach”toexercise.Thispersonalitytypeisknownforstickingcloselytotheirplan,nottomentionbeingsupercompetitive.However，thiscancausethemtosticktoocloselytoafitnessroutine,whichmeanstheymighttrytopushpastaninjury.

Togetbetterexerciseresults,TypeApeopleneedtobeawarethatfollowinganexerciseplantoostrictlymaylimittheirprogress.Theyshouldbemoreflexibleandlistentotheirbody,especiallywhentheyareinpain.

TypeBPersonality

Thislaidbackgroupmaygettoolazyabouttheirexerciseplan,whichpreventsthemfromseeingresults.Theyareoftenlesswillingtodevoteenoughtimeandenergytotheirfitnessgoalsespeciallyifexerciseissomethingthatmakesthemanxious.

TypeBindividualssucceedincreativeandcooperativeenvironments,soteamsportsandgroupgymclassesmaybeperfect.

Remember,thereareplentyofwaysyoucanadaptafitnessplantosuityourneeds,regardlessofyourcharacteristics.Justkeepinmindwhatyoulike.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了人的性格影响体育锻炼项目的选择。

1．Whymighthighlysensitivepeoplebeunwillingtotakepartingroupsports?

A．Theywillfeelliketheyarebeingevaluated.

B．Theydon’tlikesocializingwithotherpeople.

C．Theydon’tconsiderthemselvestobeathletic.

D．Theyfearthey’llbeletdownbytheirteammates.

A　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句可知，高度敏感的人可能不喜欢参加团体运动课程或团队体育运动的原因是他们觉得他们的每一个动作都会被观察到。

据此可知，A项正确。

2．TypeApeoplecanbebestdescribedas________．

A．committedB．flexible

C．independentD．sensitive

A　解析：

推理判断题。

由题干关键词“TypeApeople”定位至“TypeAPersonality”部分；根据该部分中的“Thispersonalitytypeisknownforstickingcloselytotheirplan，nottomentionbeingsupercompetitive.”可知，这种性格的人会坚守他们的计划；A项意为“坚定的”，故A项正确。

3．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A．Tohelppeopleunderstandwhatpersonalitytypetheyare.

B．Toexplainhowpersonalcharacteristicsaffectexercisehabits.

C．Toidentifythedangersofdoingthewrongtypeofexercise.

D．Todescribedifferenttypesofworkoutsthatareavailabletoday.

B　解析：

写作意图题。

通读全文尤其是文章第一段的第二句可知，本文主要论述了人的性格影响体育锻炼项目的选择，并介绍了不同性格的人的体育锻炼习惯。

据此可知，本文旨在解释性格是如何影响人的体育锻炼习惯的，故B项正确。

B

（2019·福建质检）Onacollegecampingtrip,curiosityaboutwavesandsandcausedRobThielertostudyshorelinesaroundtheworld.ThirtyyearslaterandnowaU．S.GeologicalSurveyresearchgeologist,Thieler,iscombiningscienceandsmartphonetechnologytohelpstudyanendangeredbird,theAtlanticcoastpipingplover（笛鸻）．

Thepipingploverisashorebirdthatbreeds（繁殖）alongtheAtlanticcoast,theGreatLakesandtheGreatPlains.Risingsealevelassociatedwithclimatechange,aswellasincreaseddevelopmentintheirbeachhabitats（栖息地）,threatensthespecies（物种）．Tohelptrackchangesinpipingploverhabitats,ThielerdevelopedafreeappcallediPloverin2012.Thisisamarkedchangefromthetypicalwayscientistscollectdata,whichinvolvesgatheringinformationbyusingspecializedequipmentorwritinginnotebooksandthenputtingitintospreadsheets.

SincereleasingiPlover,scientistshavegathereddataacross1，500kmofbreedingrange.ThatequalsaboutathirdofthedistanceacrosstheU．S.,whichisalargeareatocoverforonlytwothousandbreedingpairsofpipingploversontheeastcoast.Insteadofhavingtotravelandspenddaysateachsite,anumberofcooperatorsinthefieldusetheapptocollectandsenddata,allowingscientiststogatherdatamoreefficiently.Italsoallowsthemtocollectdataatthesametimeduringeachbreedingseason,providingabetterpictureofchangesthathappenoverlongerperiodsoftime.Andfast,centralizedaccessmeansscientistscanlookatdataquicklytogetarealtimeideaofwhereandhowpipingploversareusingtheirhabitats.

WhileiPloverisusedbytrainedfieldstaff,otherappsliketheU．S.GeologicalSurvey’swebbased“iCoast—DidtheCoastChange？

”invitecitizenscientiststoidentifycoastalchangesbycomparingbird’seyeviewphotographstakenbeforeandafterstorms.Alltheinformationscientistsandcitizenscientistsalikecollecthelpsfederalandstateagenciescreatepolicyplansforaddressingclimatechangeimpacts（影响）worldwide.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了美国的地质学家将科学和智能手机技术结合起来，研制出了一款app监测笛鸻栖息地的变化，从而帮助保护这种濒危动物。

4．Whatcanweknowaboutthepipingplover?

A．Itsbehaviourischanging.

B．Itshabitatisgrowingbigger.

C．Itslivingenvironmentisbecomingworse.

D．ItsbreedingislimitedtotheAtlanticcoast.

C　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第二段第二句“Risingsealevelassociatedwithclimatechange，aswellasincreaseddevelopmentintheirbeachhabitats（栖息地），threatensthespecies（物种）．”可知，与气候变化有关的海平面的上升和对它们的海滩栖息地越来越多的开发威胁到了这个物种，故推断出笛鸻的生存环境日益糟糕，本题选C。

5．WhydidThielerdevelopiPlover?

A．TostudyshorelinesacrossAmerica.

B．Toadvanceinformationtechnology.

C．Tofindoutglobalclimatechange.

D．Tomonitorchangesofpipingploverhabitats.

D　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第二段第三句“Tohelptrackchangesinpipingploverhabitats，ThielerdevelopedafreeappcallediPloverin2012.”可知，Thieler研制iPlover的目的是监测笛鸻栖息地的变化，本题选D。

6．Whichofthefollowingbenefitsthepipingplover?

A．Thecampingequipment.

B．Researchonsmartphones.

C．Thechangeablecoast.

D．Progressintechnology.

D　解析：

推理判断题。

根据文章第三段内容可知，免费的应用程序发行之后，科学家们的监测范围更广，并能更有效地收集数据，这些对于采取措施保护笛鸻很有好处，故技术的进步给笛鸻带来很多好处，本题选D。

7．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?

A．ProtectingEndangeredShorebirds

B．RobThieler，aCreativeScientist

C．iPlover，aToolforTrainingFieldStaff

D．DifferencesBetweeniPloverandiCoast

A　解析：

标题归纳题。

根据文章大意可知，美国的地质学家将科学和智能手机技术结合起来，研制出一款app来监测笛鸻栖息地的变化，从而帮助保护这种濒危动物；再根据文章第二段第一句“Thepipingploverisashorebird”可知，本题选A。

C

（2019·湖南部分重点中学考前演练）I’msometimestold,“Youhavetomakeyourownluck.Ifyoudon’ttrysomething,howcanyousucceed？

”Thisisverytrueforcompetitions.

Therearepeoplewhoregularlytakepartinallsortsofcompetitionswithgreatenthusiasm.Thesepeoplearenicknamedcompers.Themotivationforbeingacomperisobvious：

it’saboutbeingawinnerandbeingrewardedwithaprize.Theseprizescanbesmallorlarge：

fromaboxofchocolatestoanewcar,atripofalifetimearoundtheworld,orevenanewhouse.Isn’tthatworthcompetingfor？

Ofcoursecompetitionsthatoffermoneyprizesattractentryfrommillionsofpeople,makingtheoddsofwinningveryunlikely.ButonemanwhohasbeenluckyisaretiredlecturerfromtheU．K.calledMartinDove.Heisaserialcomperandhasmanagedtobagprizessuchasayachtandaracehorse.

Martinsays：

“I’vebeenacomperfor40years.It’slikeadmittingsomeaddiction,isn’tit？

”Hegetsrespectfromothercompersandalsoadmits，“SomepeoplehavecalledmetheMasterofComping,theKingofComping,theGuruofComping.Butit’sjustaword,justaphrase.It’sjustbecauseIfrequentlyappearedinthemedia.”

Formany,winningremainsadream,buttheycontinuetotrytheirluckasthere’salwaysasmallchancethattheymightsucceed.Butwhatifyoudowin?

Thenyouhavetoask：

howamIgoingtospendallthatmoney?

Somepeoplesaythat“moneycan’tbuyyouhappiness”.Whatdoyouthink?

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，阐述了一种社会现象：

有些人总是热衷于参加各种形式的比赛活动，目的就是获奖。

你是否有过类似的经历呢？

8．Whatdoestheauthormeanby“Thisisverytrueforcompetitions.”？

A．Competitionsbringpeopleluck.

B．Onemustbeinacompetitiontowinit.

C．Tryinggetspeopletosucceed.

D．Peoplenaturallycompetewitheachother.

B　解析：

推理判断题。

This指的应是前面的“Ifyoudon’ttrysomething,howcanyousucceed？

”，再结合第二段提到的人们参加比赛赢奖可知，此处指的是对于比赛来说，一个人必须先参与进去然后才有可能赢得比赛，故选B。

9．Whoarecompers?

A．Thosealwaysstandingoutincompetitions.

B．Thoseaddictedtoenteringcompetitions.

C．Thoseoftenenteringcompetitionsforprizes.

D．Thosecompetingforothers’recognition.

C　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“Therearepeoplewhoregularlytakepartinallsortsofcompetitions...it’saboutbeingawinnerandbeingrewardedwithaprize.”可知，compers指的是那些频繁地参加比赛以获取奖品的人。

故选C。

10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“odds”probablymean?

A．Possibility.B．Investment.

C．Importance.D．Advantage.

A　解析：

词义猜测题。

根据画线词所在句“Ofcoursecompetitionsthatoffermoneyprizesattractentryfrommillionsofpeople，makingtheoddsofwinningveryunlikely.”并结合常识可知，比赛的奖金是有限的，而参赛的人越多，获奖的概率就越小。

由此可知，odds的意思是“概率，可能性”。

故选A。

11．WhatdoMartin’swordssuggest?

A．Anyjobcanofferopportunities.

B．Hehasattractedconsiderableattention.

C．Persistenceisthekeytohissuccess.

D．Hehassetagoodexampletoothers.

B　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第三段的最后两句及第四段的内容可知，Martin经常参加比赛，而且得到了一些大奖并赢得了其他参赛者的尊重，甚至一些人称其为“参赛大师”、“参赛大王”、“参赛专家”。

由此可知，Martin得到了广泛的关注。

故选B。

D

（2019·湖北部分重点中学新高三起点考试）“It’sabighammertocrackanut.”Thisishowoneangryparentdescribedtherecentcrackdown（严厉的打击）byLondonpoliceonparentswhodroptheirkidsoffatschoolbycar.Yes，youreadthatcorrectly—theverymodeoftransportationthatmanyAmericanschoolsinsististheonlysafewaytodeliverkidstoschoolisnowconsideredillegalintheU．K.

ThedecisiontofineanyvehiclesseendroppingofforpickingupkidswithinaparticularzoneofeastLondoncomesfromcitycouncilors’（议员）longtermeffortsto