届上海市高三英语一模简答.docx

届上海市高三英语一模简答.docx

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届上海市高三英语一模简答

2013届（2012学年）上海市高三英语一模——简答

（长宁）

“Neitheraborrowernoralenderbe.”Althoughthismightbeexcellentadviceinmattersconcerningfamilyandfriends,borrowingandlendingarefrequentlythefoundationofaboomingeconomy.

Aloanisasumofmoneyborrowedforalimitedperiod.Aloanmaybeobtainedfromanindividualorfromaninstitutionsuchasabankandisgenerallygrantedataspecificrateofinterest.Interestisthefeethattheborrowerpaystousethemoney.Anextremelyhighrateofinterest---andcertainlyanyamountmorethanlawpermits---iscalledusury.Lendingmoneycanbeariskybusiness,forthereisalwaysthepossibilitythattheborrowermaynotbeabletopaytheloan.Forthisreason,alendergenerallyrequirestheborrowertoregistersomethingvaluableofhisorhers,knownascollateral（抵押）,asapartoftheloanagreement.Ahouseoranautomobile,investmentsinthestockmarket,eventhevalueofabusiness,areallexamplesofcollateralthatalendermaybewillingtoacceptintheeventthattheborrowerfailstopaytheloan.

Therearetwomajorsortsofloans:

consumerloansandcommercialloans.Aconsumerloanisonethatismadetoanindividual,anditmaybetobuyahouseoranautomobileortofinanceaneducation.Acommercialloanmaybeusedtostartanewbusiness,payfornewequipmentandstaff,orexpandanofficeorfactory.Thebusinessofmakingloansalsocontributestoahealthyeconomybyenhancingtheemploymentmarket.Loansallowconsumerstobuyandimprovehomes,creatingjobsforcarpenters,architectsandetc.Loansenablebusinessestoexpand,andwhenthesebusinessesopenabranchofficeoranewstore,theyalsoincreasetheirconsumptionofofficesupplies,furnishings,andcomputers.

Inaboomingeconomy,moneycirculatesquickly,andeachdealrepresentsearningsforsomeone.Itmaybereasonabletosaythatacertainlevelofdebtisnormal,evennecessary,toahealthyeconomyaslongastheindividualborrowerorbusinessiscarefulandtrynottotakeonmorethanamanageableamountofdebt.

（Note:

AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.）

81.“Neitheraborrowernoralenderbe.”isexcellentadviceforkeepinggoodfamilyandfriendswhileitis__________.

82.Whatisthepurposeofcollateralinaloanagreement?

83.Differentfromcommercialloans,consumerloansmaybeusedto__________.

84.Howcantheindividualborrowerorbusinessprofitfromaboomingeconomy?

81.notforbuilding/developingabooming/fast-growingeconomy

82.Topreventtheborrowerfromnotpayingtheloan./…

83.fulfill/achievethepurposeofpersonaldevelopment/…

84.Bybeingcarefulandavoidingbeingintoomuchdebt/…

（闸北）

Asoninmanydevelopingcountriesmeansinsurance,whowillinherithisfather'spropertyandhelpsupportthefamily.However,toparents,adaughterisjustanotherexpense.Herplaceisinthehome,notintheworldofmen.Agirlcan'thelpbutfeelinferiorwheneverythingaroundhertellsherthatsheisworthlessthanaboy.Herfutureis,tosomeextent,shapedassoonasherfamilylimitsheropportunitiesandtreatherassecond-rater,whichexplainwhywomenindevelopingcountriesperformmuchworsethanmenbothinstudyandcareer.

Deepdiscrimination（歧视）againstwomencreatesafirmforcethatkeepsgirlsfromlivinguptotheirfullpotential.Italsoleavesthemvictimstoseverephysicalandemotionalharm.These“servantsofthehousehold"cometoacceptthatlifewillneverbeanydifferent.What'smostharmful,itresultsnotonlyinmillionsofindividualtragedies,butalsointhelostpotentialfortheentirecountry.Studiesshowthereisadirectlinkbetweenacountry'sattitudetowardwomenanditssocialandeconomicprogress.Thestatusofwomeniscentraltothehealthofasociety.Ifonepartsuffers,sodoesthewhole.

Todealwiththesituation,manywomenturntoeducation.Educatedwomenareessentialtoendingsexdiscrimination,startingbyreducingthepovertyThemostbasicskillsinliteracyandMathsopenupopportunitiesforbetter-payingjobsforwomen.UneducatedwomeninruralareasofZambia,forinstance,aretwiceaslikelytoliveinpovertyasthosewhohavehadeightormoreyearsofeducation.

Womenwhohavehadsomeschoolingaremorelikelytogetmarriedlater,survivechildbirth,havefewerandhealthierchildren,andmakesuretheirownchildrencompleteschool.Understandingtheimportanceofhygiene（卫生）andnutrition,theyaremorelikelytostayinphysicalwellness.

Nevertheless,thecomprehensivechangeforasocietyspeaksforthemorefar-reachingmeaningofwomeneducation.Aswomengettheopportunitytogotoschoolandobtainhigher-leveljobs,theygainstatusintheircommunities,whichtranslatesintothepowertoinfluencetheirfamiliesandsocieties.Suchpowermay,togetherwithotherforcesofoutsideinterference,makeevenbiggerchangespossibleandgraduallylightenupwomen'sfatesinthesecountries.

（Note:

AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.）

81.Whattwofactsmakeawomanachievelessthanmenindevelopingcountries?

82.Themostsevereresultofdiscriminationagainstwomenis________________________.

83.Whyareeducatedwomenindevelopingcountriesmorelikelytoremainhealthy?

84.Highsocialpositionathomehelpswomentohavetheabilityto________________________.

81.Herfamilylimitingheropportunitiesandtreatingherassecond-rater.

82.thelostpotentialfortheentirecountry

83.Becausetheyunderstandtheimportanceofhygieneandnutrition.

84.influencetheirfamiliesandsocieties

（杨浦）

PizzaHutlovers,youcannowsmelljustlikeyourfavoritefood.PizzaHutlaunchesitsownperfumethatsmellslikeafreshpizzapie.Thisisnotajoke—althoughitstartedasone!

Whileitmightseemlikeanunusualventureforthebrandfamousforpizza,thecompany’sperfumeisalreadyavailableasalimitededitionproduct.fuckmyself

AccordingtotheGlobeandMail,theprojectstartedoutasajokebyGripLimited,anadvertisingfirmthatworkswithPizzaHutinCanada,whoaskedthechain’sFacebookfanstoimaginethepleasantsmellofafresh-deliveredpieasaperfume—andtonameit.FansrespondedtotheideasoenthusiasticallythatGripLimiteddecidedtotakethejokeastepfurtherandmaketheperfumeareality.

Amonthandahalflater,tocelebratethatPizzaHutCanadahadgotten100,000fans,thechain’scommunitymanagersannouncedthatthefirst100peopletomessagethemwouldactuallygetabottleofPizzaHutperfume.Andsureenough,thebottleswereshippedtothose100luckyfansbeforeChristmas.

GripLimitedisn’ttheonlycompanytoattractattentionwithoddaromas（芳香）.Fouryearsago,BurgerKingoffereda$4meat-scentedbodysprayformen.Beforethatin2006,Stiltoncreatedaperfumemeanttomimic（模拟）thescentofbluecheese.

PizzaHutCanadahasnotannouncedanyplanstomakemoreoftheperfumeinthefuture.Butthechainalsosaidinthereleasethatit’spossibletheperfumecouldappearinstoresinthefuture.

（Note:

AnswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinNOMORETHANTENWORDS.）

81.SomepeopleconsidertheperfumeajokebecausetheythinkPizzaHutisa_______________.

82._______________________________pushedGripLimitedtoturnthejokeintoreality.

83.Whoaretheluckybirdstogettheperfume?

84.WhydidPizzaHutfollowBurgerKing’sstepstoreleaseaperfume?

81.famousbrandforpizza

82.Thefans’enthusiasticresponsetotheproject/idea/activity

83.Thefirst100peopletomessagethePizzaHutCanada

84.Toattractpublicattention

（徐汇）

IfyouneedanotherreasontogivethanksatthedinnertableonThanksgivingDay,how’sthis:

peoplewhomaintainan“attitudeofgratitude”tendtobehappierandhealthierthanthosewhodon’t,accordingtoaninstructivearticlethisweekintheWallStreetJournal.

TheWSJ’sMelindaBeckreportsthatadultswhofeelgratefulhave“moreenergy,moreoptimism,moresocialconnectionsandmorehappinessthanthosewhodonot,accordingtostudiesconductedoverthepastdecade.NowanewstudyconductedbyresearchersatHofstraUniversity—theresultsofwhicharesettobepublishedinanupcomingissueoftheJournalofHappinessStudies—findssimilarbenefitsofgratitudeforadolescentsaswell.

Dr.JeffreyJ.Froh,assistantprofessorofpsychologyandleadresearcherofthenewstudy,surveyed1,035studentsagedfrom14to19andfoundthatgratefulstudentsreportedhighergrades,morelifesatisfaction,bettersocialintegrationandlessenvyanddepressionthantheirpeerswhowerelessthankfulandmorematerialistic.Additionally,feelingsofgratitudehadamorepowerfulimpactonthestudents’livesoverallthanmaterialism.

Whatthemajorityoftheresearchsuggestsisthatgratitudeshouldbe chronic（长期的） inordertomakealastingdifferenceinwell-being.Dr.RobertEmmons,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis,andapioneeringratituderesearch,toldtheWSJthatinorderto reap（收获）allofitsbenefits,feelinggratitudemustberootedintoyourpersonality,andyoumustfrequentlyacknowledgeandbethankfulfortheroleotherpeopleplayinyourhappiness:

“ThekeyisnottoleaveitontheThanksgivingtable,”hesaid.

Forolderchildrenandadults,onesimplewaytocultivategratitudeistoliterallycountyourblessings.Keepajournalandregularlyrecordwhateveryouaregratefulforthatday.Bespecific.Listing“myfriends,myschool,mydog”dayafterdaymeansthat“gratitudetiredness”hassetin,Dr.Frohsays.Writing“mydoglickedmyfacewhenIwassad”k