美国Musicculturalessay黑人音乐发展简史.docx
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美国Musicculturalessay黑人音乐发展简史
美国Musicculturalessay：
黑人音乐发展简史
美国文化essay：
黑人音乐发展简史
在19世纪晚期，美国的黑人音乐家们开始发动音乐活动。
一首为赛马即兴创作的歌曲创造出了拉格泰姆音乐。
“听起来实在是寒酸”，一位目击者这样说，记者们将“拉格泰姆”的名称公之于众。
拉格泰姆和蓝调成为了非裔美国音乐里最显著的形式。
大概在20世纪左右，拉格泰姆音乐开始流行起来，使得音乐家比如詹姆斯和斯科特乔普林名声大震。
1910年，蓝调音乐的流行程度超过了拉格泰姆，尽管它曾经历了一段艰难的时间，并且在城市中产阶级黑人和白人群体中流行的更慢。
然而，爵士被认为不是纯黑人音乐。
尽管值得注意的是，爵士音乐发展的关键点上，非裔美国人对其革新作出了巨大贡献。
“另外，在更大程度上，爵士音乐超越了拉格泰姆和蓝调，使得黑人音乐家们赢得了非黑人群体的尊重。
”爵士被认为是一种起源于美国的艺术形式，大约在1900年发源自新奥尔良市。
它的主要特征就是极具特色的声调、切分音节奏和即兴创作。
爵士的狂热喜好者们认为它是一种被热情激发的艺术形式，一种首次在心里创建起来的模式。
1800s
hidden
musical
practiceswere
developed
professional
African
American
musicians.
improvised
songabout
popular
racehorse
coined
ragtime
music.“That
sounds
ragged,
witness
supposedly
said,
journalistproclaimed
‘ragtime’
born.”
（Southern,
1997）
Ragtime
bluesbecame
genre
prominently
African
American
music.
Aroundthe
1900s,
ragtime
became
popular
brought
musicians
asJames
Europe
Scott
Joplin.
1910,
blues
became
popular
ragtimein
South
although
harder
slower
beingpopularized
urban
black
middle
class
major
whitecommunity.
Jazz,
other
hand,
considered
purely
black
music.Notable
though
points
development,
African
Americanswere
significant
contributors
innovation.
addition,
extentgreater
ragtime
blues,
became
black
musician’s
ticketto
respect
prosperity
largely
nonblack
public.”
（Peretti,2008）
known
originated
America
genreof
American
music
originated
Orleans
circa
1900”.
Definitionof
Jazz,
1998-2012）
characterized
strong
distinctive
tones,
syncopatedrhythm,
improvisation.
considered
listeners
artform,
ideal
inspired
passion,
pattern
first
formed
mindand
subsequently
willed
hands
elicit
notes
aninstrument.
improvisation
defining
component,
continued
toevolve
levels
expressions.
hundred
years,approximately
dozen
styles
formed.
Ragtime
involved
rhythms
originatedfrom
musical
heritage
brought
Africa.
subsequently
incorporatedto
music
created
performers
improvised
instrumentsthat
notably
unconventional
popularly
known
Bands.”
firstragtime
composition
published
Harney.
music,
vitalized
theopposing
rhythms
common
African
dance,
vibrant,
enthusiastic,
oftenextemporaneous.”
Definition
Jazz,
1998-2012）
Classic
originated
Orleans
andtook
small
music.
first
played
brass
bands
werehired
perform
parties
dances.
popular
1800s
theearly
1900s.
retained
lively
syncopations
introduced
ragtime
andinfused
adaptations
popular
melodies
time.
characterized
“collectiveimprovised
solos,
around
melodic
structure,
ideally
built
anemotional
‘hot’
climax.”
Definition
Jazz,
1998-2012）
thetime,
created
style
march
tempo.
Typical
instruments
inthis
ensemble
included
clarinet,
trombone,
trumpet,
banjo,
tuba,
thedrums.
Chicago
style
characterized
harmonicarrangements.
often
requires
technical
abilities
musicians.It
greater
emphasis
individual
solos
emits
feeling
ofrelaxation.
“Contributions
dynamic
players
Benny
Goodman,
BudFreeman,
Eddie
Condon
helped
pioneer
music.”
Definition
ofJazz,
1998-2012）
style
simple
accompanying
rhythms
elementsof
melody
instruments
often
improvised.
Swing
belonged
1930s
classic
dance
music
immediate
connection
audience
along
withits
invigorating
tempo.
Kansas
Style
other
aboutduring
Depression
Prohibition
eras.
styled
soulful
ofthe
blues
sound.
“Swing
offered
individual
musicians
chance
toimprovise
melodic,
thematic
solos.”
Definition
Jazz,
1998-2012）
Gypsy
unlikely
includedAmerican
swing
1930s,
French
dance,
Eastern
Europe
strains.It
seductive
coupled
driving
rhythms.
often
attributed
toDjango
Reinhardt,
gypsy
guitarist.
characteristic
ofrhythm
guitars
instead
usual
drummer
since
style
oftenthan
makes
strings.
rhythm
guitarist
utilizes
techniquecalled
swing
guitar
rhythm
produce
dynamic
percussive
rhythmwhich
effective
drummer.
Bebop
characterized
harmonicimprovisation
often
characterized
avoid
melodic
after
thefirst
chorus.
developed
early
1940s.
Bebop
musicians
typicallyplayed
tunes
faster
tempos.
Emphasis
unpredictability
rhythmand
creating
complexities
harmony
instead
focusing
lyrics.
stylehas
marked
crossover
music
music
scene.
Vocalese
considered
ofcomposing
lyrics
recording
manner
instrumental
solos.It
predominant
factors
namely,
tributes
storytelling.
“Among
thoseknown
writing
performing
vocalese
lyric
Eddie
erson
JonHendricks.”
Definition
Jazz,
1998-2012）
evolved
directly
Bopalthough
harmonics
dynamics
mixture
tonesthat
swing.
style
popularized
1940s
1950s.It
often
Coast
musicians.
emphasizes
themore
intellectual
aspect
music.
altogether
avoided
temposthat
quite
aggressively
Bebop
style
jazz.
particularmusic
formed
after
Bebop
established
which
initiallyunpopular
although
provided
alternative
mainstream
style.
extension
Bebop
styleand
characterized
interrupted
sounds
knownfrom
Coast
jazz.
style
known
soulful
sideas
compared
predecessor,
Bebop,
diverse
moresophisticatedly
designed
rhythm.
known
incorporate
themesthat
often
Gospel
Rhythm
Blues.
Mainstream
about
after
timeof
Swing
music
still
continued
played
biggroups
broken
smaller
ones.
1950s
wherein
ahandful
swing’s
notable
players
played.
asignificant
improvement
chord
structure
taken
significance
themelody.
style
mainly
influenced
cool,
andclassic
styles.
Bossa
blend
harmoniesbased
Coast,
classical
European
harmony,
andsamba
rhythms
popularized
Brazil.
style,
simple
melodies
areaccentuated
subtle
acoustic
guitar
rhythms
effect
ofbeing
hypnotic.
particular
style
evolved
samba
although
incomparison,
offers
complexity
comes
harmony
lesspercussive
predecessor.
clear
bossa
together
manymusical
elements
original
way.”
（Chris
McGowan,
1998）
Through
hardships
faced,
musiccame
means
healing
through
self-expression
African
Americans.
升级会员 