职称英语真题理工B级.docx
《职称英语真题理工B级.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《职称英语真题理工B级.docx(16页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![职称英语真题理工B级.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2023-2/7/1dcf81a6-b085-43af-b90c-47dbbf771c4e/1dcf81a6-b085-43af-b90c-47dbbf771c4e1.gif)
职称英语真题理工B级
2013年职称英语真题(B)
第1部分:
词汇选项(第1-15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.Therewassomethingpeculiarinthewayhesmiles.
A.differentB.wrongC.strangeD.funny
2.Ihavelittleinformationasregardsherfitnessforthepost.
A.atB.withC.aboutD.from
3.Shecameacrossthreechildrensleepingunderabridge.
A.foundbychanceB.passedbyC.tookanoticeofD.wokeup
4.Therulesaretoorigidtoallowforhumaneerror.
A.generalB.complexC.directD.inflexible
5.Itseemsincrediblethathehadbeenthereaweekalready.
A.unbelievableB.rightC.obviousD.unclear
6.Shegetsaggressivewhensheisdrunk.
A.worriedB.sleepyC.anxiousD.offensive
7.Rumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialproblems.
A.sendB.hearC.spreadD.confirm
8.Asapolitician,heknowshowtomanipulatepublicopinion.
A.expressB.influenceC.divideD.voice
9.Theseanimalsmigratesouthannuallyinsearchoffood.
A.exploreB.travelC.inhabitD.prefer
10.Hewastemptedbythehighsalaryofferedbythecompany.
A.taughtB.keptC.changedD.attracted
11.Thepolicewillneedtokeepawaryeyeonthisareaoftown.
A.cautiousB.nakedC.blindD.private
12.Makesurethetableissecurelyanchored.
A.repairedB.clearedC.bookedD.fixed
13.Comeout,orI’llbustthedoordown.
A.shutB.breakC.setD.beat
14.Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswillexpiresoon.
A.shortenB.startC.endD.resume
15.Hepaused,waitingforhertodigesttheinformation.
A.understandB.withholdC.exchangeD.contact
阅读第二篇
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16-22题,每题1分,共7分)
WideWorldofRobots
Engineerswhobuildandprogramrobotshavefascinatingjobs.Theseresearcherstinker(修补)withmachinesinthelabandwritecomputersoftwaretocontrolthesedevices."They'rethebesttoysoutthere,"saysHowieChosetatCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.Chosetisarobotics,apersonwhodesigns,buildsorprogramsrobots.
WhenChosetwasakid,hewasinterestedinanythingthatmoved—cars,trains,animals.HeputmotorsonTinkertoycarstomakethemmove.Later,inhighschool,hebuiltmobilerobotssimilartosmallcars.
Hopingtocontinueworkingonrobots,hestudiedcomputerscienceincollege.ButwhenhegottograduateschoolattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologyinPasadena,Choset'slabmateswereworkingonsomethingevencoolerthanremotelycontrolledcars:
roboticsnakes.Somerobotscanmoveonlyforward,backward,leftandright.Butsnakescantwist(扭曲)inmanydirectionsandtraveloveralotofdifferenttypesofterrain(地形)."Snakesarefarmoreinterestingthanthecars,"Chosetconcluded.
AfterhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellon,Chosetandhiscolleaguestherebegandevelopingtheirownsnakerobots.Choset'steamprogrammedrobotstoperformthesamemovementsasrealsnakes,suchasslidingandinchingforward.Therobotsalsomovedinwaysthatsnakesusuallydon't,suchasrolling.Choset'ssnakerobotscouldcrawl(爬行)throughthegrass,swiminapondandevenclimbaflagpole.
ButChosetwonderedifhissnakesmightbeusefulformedicineaswell.Forsomeheartsurgeries,thedoctorhastoopenapatient'schest,cuttingthroughthebreastbone.Recoveringfromthesesurgeriescanbeverypainful.Whatifthedoctorcouldperformtheoperationbyinsteadmakingasmallholeinthebodyandsendinginathinroboticsnake?
ChosetteamedupwithMarcoZenati,aheartsurgeonnowatHarvardMedicalSchool,toinvestigatetheidea.Zenatipracticedusingtherobotonaplasticmodelofthechestandthentestedtherobotinpigs.
AcompanycalledMedroboticsinBostonisnowadaptingthetechnologyforsurgeriesonpeople.
Evenafter15yearsofworkingwithhisteam'screations,"Istilldon'tgetboredofwatchingthemotionofmyrobots,"Chosetsays.
16.Chosetbegantobuildrobotsinhighschool.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
17.Snakerobotscouldmoveinonlyfourdirections.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
18.Chosetdidn'tbegindevelopinghisownsnakerobotsuntilhestartedworkingatCarnegieMellon.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
19.Choset'ssnakerobotscouldmakemoremovementsthantheonesothersdeveloped.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
20.Theapplicationofathinroboticsnakemakesheartsurgerieslesstime-consuming.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
21.Zenatitestedtherobotonpeopleafterusingitinpigs.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
22.TherobotictechnologyforsurgeriesonpeoplehasbroughtahandsomeprofittoMedrobotics.
A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
BlackHoles
1.Blackholescanbebestdescribedasasortofvacuum,suckingupeverythinginspace.Scientistshavediscoveredthatblackholescomefromanexplosionofhugestars.Starsthatareneardeathcannolongerburnduetolossoffuel,andbecauseitstemperaturecannolongercontrolthegravitational(重力的)force,hydrogenendsupputtingpressureontothestar’ssurfaceuntilitsuddenlyexplodesthencollapses.
2.Blackholescomefromstarsthataremadeofhydrogen,othergasesandafewmetals.Whentheseexplodeitcanturnintoastellar-mass(恒星质量)blackhole,whichcanonlyoccurifthestarislargeenough(shouldbebiggerthanthesun)fortheexplosiontobreakitintopieces,andthegravitystartstocompacteverypieceintothetiniestparticle.Trytoseeandcompare:
ifastarthat’stentimesthesizeofthesunendsupbeingablackholethat’snolongerthan70kilometers,thentheEarthwouldbecomeablackholethat’sonlyafractionofaninch!
3.Objectsthatgetsuckedinablackholewillalwaysremainthere,nevertobreakfree.Butrememberthatblackholescanonlygobbleup(吞噬)objectswithinaspecificdistancetoit.It’spossibleforalargestarnearthesuntobecomeablackhole,butthesunwillcontinuetostayinplace.Orbitsdonotchangebecausethenewlyformedblackholecontainsexactlythesameamountofmassaswhenitwasastar,onlythistimeitsmassistotallycontractedthatitcanendupasnobiggerthanastate.
4.Sofar,astronomershavefiguredoutthatblackholesexistbecauseofAlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.Intheend,throughnumerousstudies,theyhavediscoveredthatblackholestrulyexist.Sinceblackholestraplightanddonotgiveofflight,itisnearlyimpossibletodetectblackholesviaatelescope.Butastronomerscontinuetostudygalaxies,spaceandthesolarsystemtounderstandhowblackholesmightevolve.Itispossiblethatblackholescanexistformillionsofyears,andlatercontributetoabiggerprocessingalaxies,whichcaneventuallyleadtocreationofnewentities.Scientistsalsocreditblackholesashelpfulinlearninghowgalaxiesbegantoform.
A.Isthereproofthatblackholesreallyexist?
B.Whataredifferenttypesofblackholes?
C.Howareblackholesformed?
D.Howwereblackholesnamed?
E.Whathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackhole?
F.Whatareblackholesmadeof?
23.Paragraph1
24.Paragraph2
25.Paragraph3
26.Paragraph4
27.Blackholesareformedafter.
28.Whenalargestarexplodes,thegravitycompactseverypieceinto.
29.Anewlyformedblackholeandthestaritcomesfromareof.
30.AlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativityhelpstoprove.
A.thecreationofnewentitiesB.anexplosionofhugestars
C.thetiniestparticleD.thesameamountofmass
E.theexistenceofblackholesF.afractionofaninch
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31-45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇EnergyandPublicLands
TheUnitedStatesboastssubstantialenergyresources.FederallandsprovideagooddealofU.S.energyproduction;theU.S.DepartmentoftheInteriormanagesfederalenergyleasing,bothonlandandontheoffshoreOuterContinentalShelf.Productionfromthesesourcesamountstonearly30percentoftotalannualU.S.energyproduction.
In2000,32percentofU.S.oil,35percentofnaturalgas,and37percentofcoalwereproducedfromfederallands,representing20,000producingoilandgasleasesand135producingcoalleases.Federallandsarealsoestimatedtocontainapproximately68percentofallundiscoveredU.S.oilreservesand74percentofundiscoverednaturalgas.
Revenuesfromfederaloil,gas,andcoalleasingprovidesignificantreturnstoU.S.taxpayersaswellasStategovernments.In1999,forexample,$553millioninoilandgasrevenueswerepaidtotheU.S.Treasury,andnon-Indiancoalleasesaccountedforover$304millioninrevenues,ofwhich50percentwerepaidtoStategovernments.Publiclandsalsoplayacriticalroleinenergydelivery.Eachyear,federallandmanagersauthorizerightsofwayfortransmissionlines,railsystems,pipelines,andotherfacilitiesrelatedtoenergyproductionanduse.
Alternativeenergyproductionfromfederallandslagsbehindconventionalenergyproduction,thoughtheamountisstillsignificant.Forexample,federalgeothermalresourcesproduceabout7.5billionkilowatt-hoursofelectricityperyear,47percentofallelectricitygeneratedfromU.S.geothermalenergy.Thereare2,960windturbinesonpubliclandsinCaliforniaalone,producingelectricityforabout300,000people.Federalhydropowerfacilitiesproduceabout17percentofallhydropowerproducedintheUnitedStates.
BecauseofthegrowingU.S.thirstforenergyandincreasingpublicuneasewithdependenceonforeignoilsources,pressureonthepubliclandstomeetU.S.energydemandsisintensifying.Publiclandsareavailableforenergydevelopmentonlyaftertheyhavebeenevaluatedthroughthelanduseplanni