航海英语阅读理解.docx

航海英语阅读理解.docx

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航海英语阅读理解

Passage01

Merchantshipsaredesignedtocarrycargo.Somearealsodesignedtocarrypassengers.Theycanoperateasliners.Theseareemployedonregularroutesonafixedtimetable.Alistoftheirarrivalanddeparturedatesispublishedinadvanceandtheysailwhetherfullornot.Linerscanbeclassedaseitherdeep-sealinersorshort-sealiners.Theformercarrymainlycontainerizedcargoacrosstheoceansoftheworld;thelatercarrycontainerizedorconventionalcargoonshorterroutes.Ferriesarealsoclassedasliners.Theseofferadailyorweeklyserviceforpassengersandvehiclesacrosschannelsandnarrowseas.Afewshipsarestillemployedaspassengerliners.TheynotonlycarrypassengersbutalsosomecargoonroutesfromEuropetoNorthAmericaandtotheFarEast.Nowadaysthepassengertradeisverysmallandpassengerlinersusuallyoperateascruiseshipsforpartoftheyear.

1.Thedeep-sealiners________.

A.carrymainlycontainerizedcargo

B.carrymainlyconventionalcargo

C.offeradailyorweeklyserviceforpassengersandvehicles

D.sailacrosschannelsandnarrowseas.

2.TheLiners________.

A.alwayssailfullB.sailregularlyevennotfull

C.alwayssailinballastD.willnotsailifnotfull

3.Alistofthearrivalanddeparturedatesofliners________.

A.willbepublishedweekly

B.willbepublishedwhentheysail，whetherfullornot，fromEuropetoNorthAmericaandtotheFarEast

C.willnotbepublishedeventheysailfullyloaded

D.ispublishedpriortotheirdeparture

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat________.

A.thenumberofpassengershipsissmall

B.allpassengershipswillcarrysomecargoinnearfuture

C.itisnotnecessaryforlinerstosailinregulartime

D.containercarriersshouldcarrysomepassengers

Passage02

Nowadays，mostmerchantshipsarebuilttocarrycargoes.Andtheymainlyoperateastramps.Thesevesselsdonotsailonregularroutesorkeeptoafixedtimetable，butareemployedwherethereiscargoforthemtocarry.Trampscanbeclassedasdeep-seatrampsorshort-seatramps.Anumberareclassedascoasters.Theseplyoncoastalroutesandupriverstoinlandports.Thetraditionaltrampcargoesaredrybulkcargoes，butsomearedesignedtocarrygeneralcargoes.

Alargenumberofmerchantshipsoperateasspecializedvessels.Thesearedesignedtocarryaparticulartypeofcargo.Thereareseveraltypesofspecializedvessel.Themostcommonareoiltankers.Theyareownedbythemajoroilcompaniesorbyindependentoperators.Twoothertypesofliquidbulkcarrierofgrowingimportancearechemicalcarriersandliquefiednaturalgas（LNG）carriers.

1.Thedeep-seatramps________.

A.carrybulkandgeneralcargoacrossthehighseas

B.arebuilttocarrypassengers

C.aremainlycoasters

D.arespecializedvessel

2.Thecoasters________.

A.alwayssailacrossthehighseas

B.commonlycarryoilcargo

C.aremainlytankers

D.sailoncoastalroutesandupriverstoinlandports

3.TheimportanceofLNGcarriers________.

A.isgrowing

B.isnotmentionedinpassage

C.isdecreasing

D.willbediscussedfurtherifnecessary

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat________.

A.thenumberofspecializedvesselsisnotsmall

B.alloiltankerswillcarrysomechemicalsinnearfuture

C.thetrampsandspecializedvesselsarethebasictypeofmerchantships.

D.containercarriersshouldnotbeclassedastramps

Passage03

Cargoshipscanbedividedintotwobasictypes.Onetypecarriesdrycargo，theothercarriesliquidcargo;however，anOBOshipisdesignedtocarryboth.Atraditionaldrycargoshipisthemulti-deckvessel.Herholdsaredividedhorizontallybyoneortwo'tweendecks，becausethesemakestowageofindividualpackageseasier.Drybulkcargoiscarriedinbulkcarriers.Thesedonothave'tweendecksascargoiscarriedloose.Themostmoderntypeofdrycargocarrieristhecontainership.Theycarrycontainersofstandarddimensions，consequentlystowageiseasier.Fruit，meatanddairyproducearecarriedinrefrigeratedships.Oiltankersarethemostcommontypeofliquidcargocarrier.Theyareoftenverylarge，becausehugequantitiesofoilneedtobetransportedandonelargevesselismoreeconomicaltooperatethantwosmallerones.Twoothertypesofliquidbulkcarrierofgrowingimportancearetheliquefiednaturalgas（LNG）carrierandthechemicalcarrier，althoughchemicalcanalsobecarriedindrumsingeneralcargoships.

1.Thereare________typesofliquidbulkcarrier.

A.2B.3

C.4D.5

2.Amulti-deckvesselhas________tweendecks.

A.hasmanyB.no

C.onlyoneD.hasuptotwo

3.Fruit，meatanddairyproducearecarriedin________.

A.containerscarriersB.traditionalships

C.OBOshipsD.refrigeratedships

4.Thetypesofdrycargocarriersmentionedinthepassageare________.

A.tweendeckers，OBOships

B.traditionaldrycargoshipandmulti-deckvessel

C.OBOships，oiltankers，chemicaltankersandLNGcarriers

D.drycargoship，drybulkcargocarrier，containercarriersandrefrigeratedships

Passage04

Theaxialthrustofthepropelleristheforceworkinginaforeandaftdirection.Thisforcecausestheshiptomoveaheadthroughthewaterortogoastern.Becauseofhershape，ashipwillmoveaheadthroughthewatermoreeasilythangoingastern.

Thetransversethrustisthesidewaysforceofthepropellerasitrotates.Thetransverseeffectofthepropellerbladesatthetopnearthesurfaceofthewaterisnotstrongenoughtocounteracttheoppositeeffectofthelowerblades.Forright-handedpropellersthiscantstheship'ssterntostarboardandherbowtoport，whentheshipisgoingahead.Theeffectissmallandcanbecorrectedbytherudder.Whentheenginesareputastern，theeffectistheoppositeandthesterncantstoport.Thiseffectisstrongerandcannoteasilybecorrected.Vesselswithleft-handedpropellersbehaveintheoppositeway.

1.Theforcethatcausestheshiptomoveaheadthroughthewaterortogoasternisknownas________.

A.axialthrust

B.transversethrust

C.thetransverseeffectofthepropellerbladesatthetopnearthesurfaceofthewater

D.thetransverseeffectofthelowerbladesofthepropellernearthebottomofthewater

2.Aleft-handedpropellers，whentheshipisgoingahead，willcantship'ssternto________.

A.starboardB.port

C.tomoveaheadD.moveastern

3.Thetransversethrustofthepropellerisstrongerwhentheshipis________.

A.goingastern

B.goingahead

C.stopped

D.makingnowaythroughthewater

4.Thetransversethrustofthepropellercanmainlybeovercomeby________.

A.therudderB.thepropelleritself

C.thenauticalinstrumentD.windandtide

Passage05

TheChiefOfficer，orFirstMateasheisoftencalled，istheMaster'schiefofficerandheadoftheDeckDepartment.HeisassistedbyaSecondOfficer（Mate），aThirdOfficer（Mate），andsometimesaFourthOfficer（Mate）.SeveralcompaniesemployaFirstOfficeraswellasaChiefOfficer.TheDeckDepartmentalsoincludesaBoatswain（Bosun）andaCarpenter，bothpettyofficers，andanumberofratings.ThesemadeupofAbleSeamen（AB），OrdinarySeamen（OS）andamiddlegradeknownasEfficientDeckHands（EDH）.Thereareothergradesofseamen.OnsomeshipsNavigatingCadetsarecarriedfortrainingpurposes.

TheChiefEngineerisheadoftheEngineDepartment.HeisassistedbyaSecond，Third，FourthandsometimesFifthEngineer.AnElectricalOfficermayalsobecarried.TheengineroompettyofficersaretheStorekeeperandDonkeyman.OntankersthereisalsoaPumpman.Heisalsoapettyofficer.TheengineroomratingsareFiremenandGreasers.TheremayalsobeEngineerCadets.

TheCateringDepartmentisundertheChiefSteward.Itisdividedintoasaloonandgalleysection.TheformerisheadedbytheSecondSteward，thelatterbytheShip'sCook.Theyarebothusuallypettyofficers.Theyareassistedbyseveralstewardsandcooks，andbyanumberofjuniorratings.

TheRadioDepartmentoftenconsistsofonlyoneman:

theRadioOfficer.Onshipswherecontinuousradiowatchesarekepttheremaybethreeradioofficers:

aChief，SecondandThird.

1.________isnotapettyofficer.

A.BoatswainB.SecondSteward

C.RadioOfficer.D.Storekeeper

2.EDHisrankwhichishigherthan________.

A.SecondStewardB.AB

C.OSD.ChiefEngineer

3.Storekeeperbelongto________.

A.DeckDeptB.EngineDept

C.CateringDeptD.RadioDept

4.Thereare________departmentsonbardabigshipaccordingtothepassage.

A.twoB.three

C.fourD.five

Passage06

WhileeveryeffortismadetoensurethatthedataprovidedthroughtheNoticestoMarinersserviceisaccurate，theuserneedstobeawareoftheriskstocorruptionofdata.Itisimportantthattheusershouldonlyusethedataonsuitableequipmentandthat，otherapplicationsshouldnotberunningontheuser'smachineatthesametime.Usersshouldexercisetheirprofessionaljudgementintheuseofdata，andalsoconsulttheMarinersHandbook（NP100）forfurtherdetails.Theuserneedstobeawarethatthereisapossibilitythatdatacouldbecorruptedduringtransmission，orintheprocessofdisplayorprintingontheuser'sequipment，orifconvertedtoothersoftwareformats，andisaccordinglyadvisedthattheUKHOcannotacceptresponsibilityforanysuchchange，oranymodificationsorunauthorisedchanges，madebylicensees，orotherparties.

1.Thedatamaybecomecorruptedinanyofthefollowingprocessexcept_______.

A.duringtransmission

B.inthedisplayorprintingontheuser'sequipment

C.inconvertingtoothersoftwareformats

D.inairmaildeliverytothereaders

2.Theuseofthedataisadvisedtoconsult_______